Creep mechanisms have been investigated in both conventional and non-γ2 amalgams. The back stress during steady-state creep was measured by the "stress-dip" technique, and pre-polished vertical surfaces of nearly cylindrical specimens were studied after creep. Indications of both superplastic flow and dislocation creep were observed.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Mahler, D.B. ; Marantz, R.L.; and Engle, J.H.: A Predictive Model for the Clinical Marginal Fracture of Amalgam, J Dent Res59:1420-1427, 1980.
2.
Gjerdet, N.R. and Espevik, S.: Corrosion and Creep of Dental Amalgam, J Dent Res57:21-26, 1978.
3.
Espevik, S. : Creep of Dental Amalgam and Its Phases, Scand J Dent Res85:492-495, 1977.
4.
Mahler, D.B. ; Adey, J.D.; and Marantz, R.L.: Creep Versus Microstructure of γ2-containing Amalgams, J Dent Res56:1493-1498, 1977 .
5.
Schumann, G. ; Blum, W.; and Hausselt, J.H.: Kriechen von Dentalamalgamen, Z Metallkde72:251-260, 1981.
6.
Johnson, L.B. and Paffenbarger , G.C.: The Role of Zinc in Dental Amalgams, J Dent Res59:1412-1419, 1980.
7.
Okabe, T.; Butts, M.B.; Mitchell, R.J.; and Fairhurst, C.W.: Grain Boundary Sliding and Creep in Dental Amalgams, IADR Progr & Abst59:No. 100, 1980.
8.
Gittus, J.: Creep, Viscoelasticity and Creep Fracture in Solids, London : Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., 1975, p. 7.
9.
Ashby, M.F. and Frost, H.J.: Inelastic Deformation above 0°K. In: Constitutive Equations in Plasticity, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1975, p. 117.
10.
Padmanabhan, K.A. and Davies, G.J.: Superplasticity. Materials Research and Engineering, Vol. 2, Usher, B., Ed., Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1980, p. 133.
11.
Dickson, G. ; Oglesby, P.; and Davenport, R.: The Steady-State Creep Behaviour of Dental Amalgam, J Res Natl Bur Stand C Eng Instrum72C:215-218, 1968.
12.
Schuler, P. and Aldinger, F.: Diffusionsuntersuchungen im System Silber-Zinn-Quecksilber , Z Metallkde65:541-545, 1976.
13.
Reese, S.B. ; Hochman, R.F.; and Marek, M.: Low Temperature Diffusion of Copper in the γ1 and β1 Phases of Dental Amalgams, IADR Progr & Abst59:No. 106, 1980.
14.
Schewmon, P.G. : Transformations in Metals, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1969, p. 65.
15.
Mukherjee, A.K.; Bird, J.E.; and Dorn, J.E.: Experimental Correlations for High-Temperature Creep, Trans ASM62: 155-179,1966.
16.
Stevens, R.A. and Flewitt, P.E.: The Dependence of Creep Rate on Microstructure in a γ1 Strengthened Superalloy, Acta Met29:867-882, 1981.
17.
Gibbs, G.B. : Creep and Stress Relaxation Studies with Polycrystalline Magnesium, Phil Mag13:317-329, 1966.
18.
Davies, P.W. ; Nelmes, G.; Williams , K.R.; and Wil-Shire , B.: Stress-Change Experiments during High-Temperature Creep of Copper, Iron and Zinc, Met Sci7:87-92, 1973.
19.
Evans, W.J. and Harrison, G.F.: The Development of a Universal Equation for Secondary Creep Rates in Pure Metals and Engineering Alloys, Met Sci10:307-313, 1976.
20.
Vrijhoef, M.M.A. and Driessens, F.C.M.: On the Static Creep of Dental Amalgams , J Dent Res53:1138-1144, 1974 .
21.
Padmanabhan, K.A. and Davies, G.J.: Superplasticity. Materials Research and Engineering, Vol. 2, Usher, B., Ed., Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1980, p. 92.
22.
Abbott, J.R. and Makinson, D.F.: Etches for the Microstructures of Dental Amalgams, J Dent Res57:790-795, 1978.
23.
Yavari, P.; Mohamed, F.A.; and Langdon, G.T.: Creep and Substructure Formation in an Al-5% Mg Solid Solution Allay , Acta Met29:1495-1507, 1981 .
24.
Fairhurst, C.W. and Cohen, J.B.: The Crystal Structures of Two Compounds Found in Dental Amalgams: Ag2Hg3 and Ag3Sn, Acta CrystB28:371-378, 1972.
25.
Johnson, L.B. , Jr.: Ag-Sn-Hg Alloys as Electron Compounds , J Biomed Mater Res4:269-274, 1970.
26.
Boswell, P.G. : Transmission Electron Metallography of Non-γ2 Silver Dental Amalgams, Scripta Met13:383-388, 1979.
27.
Hotz, W.; Ruedl, E.; and Schiller, P.: Observations of Processes of Superplasticity with the Scanning Electron Microscope , J Mat Sci10:2003-2006, 1975 .
28.
Ball, A. and Hutchinson, M.M. : Superplasticity in the Aluminium-Zinc Eutectoid , Met Sci J3:1-7, 1969.
29.
Gittus, J.: Creep, Viscoelasticity and Creep Fracture in Solids, London : Applied Science Publishers, Ltd., 1975, p. 509.
30.
Barett, C.S. and Massalski, T.B.: Structure of Metals, New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1966 , p. 253.
