Bupivacaine and etidocaine are long-duration amide local anesthetics and could be useful in dentistry for long procedures and post-operative pain control.
Iontophoresis of lidocaine-epinephrine will also add to the dentist's armamentarium by providing a truly effective topical anesthetic for pre-injection topical, deciduous tooth extraction and biopsies. This technique could provide a breakthrough for eliminating patient fear of needle injection, a major factor in patient anxiety which hinders acceptance of dentistry.
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