Evaluation of an Oligomer or an Oligomer Plus Cetyl Pyridinium Chloride Against Plaque,Stain,Calculus,and Gingivitis

Abstract

A low molecular weight oligomer of sulfoacrylic acid (ND-2) was effective in inhibiting hydroxyapatite formation in vitro at 33 ppm from a saturated solution of calcium and phosphate. The oligomer did not damage or etch human dental enamel in vitro at pH 5.0 and 7.5. It significantly reduced calculus formation when applied topically in beagles at a concentration of 1% in a rinse. In a second study using 30 beagle dogs, the rinses containing 0.1% CPC and 0.1% CPC + 2% ND-2 significantly reduced (a < 0.05) plaque and gingivitis for 12 wk when compared to a placebo rinse, One-tenth percent CPC rinse induced more discoloration of teeth than the placebo, while the rinse containing 0.1% CPC + 2% ND-2 had significantly less discoloration than CPC rinse or the placebo rinse in beagles. Thus the oligomer was effective in reducing CPC-induced discoloration in beagles.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Loë, H. ; Theilade, E. ; and Jensen, S.B. : Experimental Gingivitis in Man, J Periodont 36:177-187, 1965.

Schroeder, H.E. and Lindhe, J. : Conditions and Pathological Features of Rapidly Destructive, Experimental Periodontitis in Dogs, J Periodont 1:6-19, 1980.

Loesche, W.J. : Chemotherapy of Dental Plaque Infections , Oral Sci Rev 9:63-105, 1976.

Gaffar, A. ; Donohue, J.J. ; Davis, C.B. ; and Carroll, D.L. : Studies on Antibacterially-induced Staining, IADR Progr & Abst 58: No. 210, 1979.

Dannals, L.E. : Oligomers, U.S. Patent 3,859,260.

Gaffar, A. and Friedman, S.D. : Anti-calculus Oral Composition, U.S. Patent 4,152,420.

Banks, G.V. and Zimmerman, J. : The Ka2 Value of Sulfoacetic Acid and 3-sulfopropionic Acid, J Org Chem 21:1439, 1956.

Cullum, D.C. : Proc. Third Inter. Congr. Surface Activity, Vol. III, Cologne, 1960, p. 42.

Francis, M.D. : The Inhibition of Calcium Hydroxyapatite Crystal Growth by Polyphosphonates and Polyphosphates, Calcif Tiss Res 3:151-162, 1962.

10.

Nicholson, C.R. ; Taylor, G.R. ; and Mellberg , J.R. : An Automatic Device for

11.

Removing Enamel Layers by Dissolution, Caries Res 9:293-299, 1974.

12.

Facq, J.M. and Volpe, A.R. : In vivo Actual Abrasiveness of Three Dentifrices Against Acrylic Surfaces of Veneer Crowns, JADA 80:317-323, 1970.

13.

Gaffar, A. ; Marcussen, H.W. ; Solis-Gaffar, M.C. ; and K.N. Rustogi : Long-term Anti-plaque, Gingivitis, and Calculus Effects of Benzethonium Chloride in Beagle Dogs, J Periodont Res 15:107-110, 1980.

14.

Briner, W.W. and Francis, M.D. : In vitro and in vivo Evaluations of Anti-calculus Agents, Calcif Tiss Res 11:10-20, 1973. 14. Francis, M.D. ; Slough , C.L. ; Briner, W.W. ; and Oertel, R.P. : An in vitro and in vivo Investigation of Mellitate and Ethane-1-hydroxy 1-1, Diphosphonate in Calcium Phosphate System, Calcif Tiss Res 22:53-60, 1977.

15.

Hollander, M. and Wolfe, D.A. : Non-parametric Statistical Methods, New York, NY : John Wiley and Sons, p. 115.