Effects of trace elements on production of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) by S. mutans and A. viscosus were examined in vitro. Fluoride enhanced EPS production. Lithium and strontium had little effect alone, but tended to reverse the effect of fluoride. The proportion of water-soluble EPS and the proportion of glucosyl-EPS were increased by fluoride.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Wood, J.M. and Critchley, P.: The Extracellular Polysaccharide Produced from Sucrose by a Cariogenic Streptococci , Arch Oral Biol11:1039-1042, 1966 .
2.
Dahlquist, A. ; Krasse, B.; Olson , J.; and Gardell, S.: Extracellular Polysaccharides Formed by Caries-inducing Streptococci, Helv Odont Acta11:15-71, 1967.
3.
Gibbons, R.J. and Banghart, S.B.: Synthesis of Extracellular Dextran by Cariogenic Bacteria and its Presence in Human Dental Plaque, Arch Oral Biol12:11-24, 1967.
4.
Guggenheim, B. and Schroeder, H.E.: Biochemical and Morphological Aspects of Extracellular Polysaccharides Produced by Cariogenic Streptococci , Helv Odont Acta11:131-152, 1967.
Tanzer, J.M. ; Freedman, M.L.; Fitz-Gerald , R.J.; and Larson, R.H.: Diminished Virulence of Glucan Synthesis-defective Mutants of S. mutans, Inf and Immun10: 197-203, 1974.
7.
Van der Hoeven, J.S.; Mikx, F.H.M.; Konig, K.G.; and Plasschaert, A.J.M. : Plaque Formation and Dental Caries in SPF Osborne-Mendel Rats Associated with Actinomyces viscosus, Caries Res8:211-223, 1974.
8.
Wenham, D.G.; Hennessey, T.D.; and Cole, J.A.: Regulation of Glucosyl- and Fructosyltransferase Synthesis by Continuous Cultures of Streptococcus mutans, J Gen Microbiol114:117-124, 1979.
Bowen, W.H.: The Effects of Calcium, Magnesium and Manganese on Dextran Production by a Cariogenic Streptococcus, Arch Oral Biol16:115-119, 1971.
11.
Shimura, N. and Onisi, M.: The Effect of NaF on the Bacterial Production of Polysaccharide and Subsequent Adsorption on Hydroxyapatite, J Dent Res57:928-931, 1978.
12.
Carlsson, J. ; Newbrun, E.; and Krasse, B.: Purification and Properties of Dextransucrase from S. sanguis, Arch Oral Biol14:469-478, 1969.
13.
Carlsson, J. : A Levansucrase from S. mutans, Caries Res4:97-113, 1970.
14.
Shaw, J.H. and Griffiths, D.: Developmental and Post-developmental Influences on Incidence of Experimental Dental Caries Resulting from Dietary Supplementation by Various Elements, Arch Oral Biol5:301-322, 1961.
15.
Curzon, M.E.J. and Losee, F.L.: Dental Caries and Trace Element Composition of Whole Human Enamel, Western United States, JADA96:819-822, 1978.
16.
Bowen, W.H. : The Effects of Calcium, Magnesium and Manganese on Dextran Production by a Cariogenic Streptococcus, Arch Oral Biol16:115-119, 1971.
17.
Boyd, R.F.: The Effect of Some Divalent Cations on EPS Synthesis in S. salivarius , J Dent Res57:380-383, 1978.
18.
Handelman, S.L. and Losee, F.L.: Inhibition of Enamel Solubility in a Highly Mineralized Water, J Dent Res50:1605-1609, 1971.
19.
Myvarinen, A. and Nikkila, E.: Specific Determination of Blood Glucose with o-Toluidine, Clin Chem Acta7:140, 1962.
20.
Dische, Z. and Devi, A.: A New Colorimetric Method for the Determination of Ketohexoses in Presence of Aldoses, Ketoheptoses and Ketopentoses, Biochem Biophys Acta39:140-144,1960.
21.
Herbert, D.; Phipps, P.J.; and Strange, R.F.: Determination of Protein, In: Methods in Microbiology , Norris, J.R. and Ribbons, D.W., Eds., Vol. 5B, New York: Academic Press, 1971, pp. 242-252.
22.
Montville, T.J.; Cooney, C.L.; and Sinskey, A.J.: Measurement and Synthesis of Insoluble Dextran by Streptococcus mutans, J Dent Res56:983-989, 1977.
23.
Hamilton, I.R. : Effects of Fluoride on Enzymatic Regulation of Bacterial Carbohydrate Metabolism, Caries Res 11 (SuppL1): 262-291, 1977.
24.
Tanzer, J.M. ; Wood, W.I.; and Krichev-Sky , M.I.: Linear Growth Kinetics of Plaque-forming Streptococci in the Presence of Sucrose , J Gen Microbiol58:125-133, 1969.
25.
Daneo-Moore, L.; Terleckyj, B.; and Shockman, G.D.: Analysis of Growth Rate of Sucrose-supplemented Cultures of Streptococcus mutans, Inf and Immun12 :1195-1205,1975.
26.
Lesher, R.J. ; Bender, G.R.; and Marquis, R.E.: Bacteriolytic Action of Fluoride, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy12: 339-345, 1977.
27.
Beeley, J.A. and Black, P.M.: Glucosyl-transferase Production by Streptococcus sanguis 804, Inf and Immun15 :50-58, 1977. 28. Pabst, M.J.: Levan and Levansucrase of Actinomyces viscosus , Inf and Immun15:518-526, 1977.
28.
Shklair, I.L. ; Walter, R.G.; and Lamberts , B.L.: The Effect of Sodium Fluoride on the Extracellular Glucan Production of S. mutans, AADR Progr & Abst56: No. 147,1977.
29.
Montville, T.J. and Sinskey, A.J.: One Enzyme Model for the Synthesis of Water-soluble and Water-insoluble Dextrans by the Dextransucrase of Streptococcus mutans GS-5, Abs. No. K130, 80th Annual Meeting, American Society for Microbiology, May, 1980.
