The in vitro fluoride acquisition by human enamel after a 1-hour and 24-hour application of APF, Duraphat (a resin varnish) or Fluor Protector (a polyurethane varnish) and subjection to various procedures was determined. Fluoride acquisition was the greatest in teeth treated with Fluor Protector and the least in APF-treated teeth. Fluoride uptake and distribution were increased by prolonging the contact time between the varnishes and enamel, and fluoride retention was decreased after subsequent exposure to synthetic saliva.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Mellberg, J.R.; Laakso, P.V.; and Nicholson, C.R.: The Acquisition and Loss of Fluoride by Topically Fluoridated Human Tooth Enamel, Arch Oral Biol11: 1213-1220, 1966.
2.
Brudevold, F. ; McCann, H.G.; Nils-Son , R.; Richardson, B.; and Coklica, V.: The Chemistry of Caries Inhibition Problems and Challenges in Topical Treatments, J Dent Res46:37-45, 1967.
3.
Brudevold, F. ; Savory, A.; Gardner , D.E.; Spinelli, M.; and Speirs, R.: A Study of Acidulated Fluoride Solutions.- I. In Vitro Effects on Enamel, Arch Oral Biol8:167-177,1963.
4.
Wellock, W.D. and Brudevold, F.: A Study of Acidulated Fluoride Solutions.- II. The Caries Inhibiting Effect of Single Annual Topical Applications of an Acidic Fluoride and Phosphate Solution. A Two-Year Experience, Arch Oral Biol8:179-182, 1963.
5.
Cartwright, H.V.; Lindahl, R.L.; and Bawden, J.W.: Clinical Findings on the Effectiveness of Stannous Fluoride and Acid Phosphate Fluoride as Caries Reducing Agents in Children, J Dent Child35:36-40, 1968.
6.
Horowitz, H.S. : The Effect on Dental Caries of Topically Applied Acidulated Phosphate-fluoride: Results After One Year, J Oral Ther Pharm4:286-291, 1968.
7.
Horowitz, H.S. : Effect on Dental Caries of Topically Applied Acidulated Phosphate- Fluoride : Results After Two Years, JADA78:568-572, 1969.
8.
Horowitz, H.S. and Doyle, J.: The Effect on Dental Caries of Topically Applied Acidulated Phosphate-fluoride: Results After Three Years , JADA82:359-365, 1971.
9.
Horowitz, H.S. and Kau, M.C.W.: Retained Anticaries Protection From Topically Applied Acidulated Phosphate-Fluoride : 30 - and 36 - Month Post-treatment Effects, J Prevent Dent1:22-27, 1974.
10.
Heuser, H. and Schmidt, H.F.M.: Die Wirkung des Kariesprophylaktikums Fluorlack im Tierversuch mit Albinoratten , Dtsch Zahn -, Mund-U Kieferheilk47 :133-140, 1966.
11.
Riethe, P. and Weinman, K.: Caries Inhibition with Fluoride Gel and Fluoride Varnish in Rats, Caries Res4:63-68, 1970.
12.
Koch, G. and Petersson, L.G.: Fluoride Content of Enamel Surface Treated with a Varnish Containing Sodium Fluoride Odont Revy23:437-446, 1972.
13.
Bang, S. and Kim, Y.J.: Electron Microprobe Analysis of Human Tooth Enamel Coated in vivo with Fluoride-varnish . Helv Odont Acta17:84-88, 1973.
14.
Stamm, J.W. : Fluoride Uptake From Topical Sodium Fluoride Varnish Measured by an in vivo Enamel Biopsy, J Canad Dent Assoc40:501-505, 1974.
15.
Petersson, L.G.: Fluorine Gradients in Outermost Surface Enamel After Various Forms of Topical Application of Fluorides in vivo, Odont Revy27:25-50, 1976.
16.
Hetzer, G. and Irmisch, B.: Kariesprotektion durch Fluorlack (Duraphat) - Klinische Ergebnisse und Erfahrungen , Dtsch Stomat23:917-922, 1973.
17.
Maiwald, H.J. and Geiger, L.: Lokalapplikation von Fluorschutzlack zur Kariesprophylaxe in Kollektiven, Dtsch Stomat23:56-63,1973.
18.
Koch, G. and Petersson, L.G.: Caries Preventive Effect of a Fluoride-containing Varnish (Duraphat) After 1 Year's Study, Community Dent Oral Epidemiol3:262-266, 1975.
19.
Wegner, H.: The Clinical Effect of Application of Fluoride Varnish, Caries Res10 :318-320, 1976.
20.
Murray, J.J. ;Winter, G.B.; and Hurst, C.P.: Duraphat Fluoride Varnish. A 2-Year Clinical Trial in 5-year-old Children, Brit Dent J143:11-17, 1977.
21.
Arends, J. and Schuthof, J.: Fluoride Content in Human Enamel After Fluoride Application and Washing - An in vitro Study, Caries Res. 9:363-372, 1975.
22.
Arends, J. and Koulourides, T.: The Effect of Silane Fluoride, NaF, and SnF2 on Cariogenicity, IADR Prog & Abstr56:268, 1977.
23.
Riethe, P.; Streib, W.; and Schubring, G.: Klinische Untersuchungen mit Nuva Seal, Epoxylite 9070 und Fluor-Protector , Dtsch Zahnarztl32:853-855, 1977.
24.
Van Der Merwe, E.H.M.; Retief, D.H.; Barbakow, F.H.; and Friedman , M.: An Evaluation of an in vivo Enamel Acid Etch Biopsy Technique for Fluoride Determination, J Dent Assoc S Afr29:81-87, 1974.
25.
Willis, J.B. : Determination of Calcium and Magnesium in Urine by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Anal Chem33:556-559, 1961.
26.
Retief, D.H. ; Cleaton-Jones, P.E.; Turkstra, J.; and De Wet , W.J.: The Quantitative Analysis of Sixteen Elements in Normal Human Enamel and Dentine by Neutron Activation Analysis and High-resolution Gamma-spectrometry, Arch Oral Biol16:1257-1267, 1971
27.
Manly, R.S. and Hodge, H.C.: Density and Refractive Index Studies of Dental Hard Tissues, J Dent Res18:133-141, 1939.
28.
Brudevold, F. ; Gardner, D.E.; and Smith, F.A.: The Distribution of Fluoride in Human Enamel , J Dent Res35:420-429, 1956.
29.
Steel, R. and Torrie, J.: Principles and Procedures of Statistics, New York : McGraw-Hill, 1960, pp 99-160.
30.
Barr, A.; Goodnight, J.; Sall, J.; and Helwig, J.: A User's Guide to SAS 76, Raleigh: Sparks Press, 1976, pp 57-65.
31.
Spörri, S.; Belser, U.; and Mühlemann, H.R.: The Precision of Three Enamel Biopsy Methods for Fluoride Determination , Helv Odont Acta19:65-68,1975.
32.
Bruun, C.: Uptake and Retention of Fluoride by Intact Enamel in vivo After Application of Neutral Sodium Fluoride, Scand J Dent Res81:92-100, 1973.
33.
Kirkegaard, E.; Moller, I.J.; and Skov Jensen , E.; A Method for in vitro Studies of Fluoride Uptake in Enamel Using Single Tooth Surfaces , Caries Res10 :370-375, 1976.
34.
Mller, I.J. ; Schait, A. ;Muhlemann , H.R.: Fluorindholdet i den Superficielle del af Fluorbehandlede og Ikke-fluorbehandlede Taenders Emalje. 1. Tandlaegebladet69: 849-861, 1965.
35.
Nicholson, C.R. and Mellberg, J.R.: Effect of Natural Fluoride Concentrations of Human Tooth Enamel on Fluoride Uptake in vitro, J Dent Res48:302-306, 1969.
36.
Heifetz, S.B. ; Mellberg, J.R.; Winter , S.J.; and Doyle, J.: In vivo Fluoride Uptake by Enamel of Teeth of Human Adults from Various Topical Fluoride Procedures , Arch Oral Biol15:1171-1181, 1970 .
37.
Bergman, G. and Lind, P.O.: A Quantitative Microradiographic Study of Incipient Enamel Caries, J Dent Res45:1477-1484, 1966.