Mild acid-base disturbances were induced in rats for 30 days. These disturbances did not affect % ash of maxillary incisors or % P of the developing enamel from mandibular incisors. Total fluoride intake (food and water) among groups drinking fluoride-free water was constant. Nevertheless, average plasma and developing enamel fluoride concentrations were highest in the acidotic group and lowest in the alkalotic group. Among groups drinking water containing 50 ppm fluoride, total fluoride intake was highest by the alkalotic group and lowest by the acidotic group. Plasma and enamel fluoride concentrations, however, were highest in the acidotic group. It is concluded that plasma and developing enamel fluoride levels can be independent of, or inversely related to, fluoride intake.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Smith, F.A.; Gardner, D.E.; and Hodge, H.C.: Investigations on the Metabolism of Fluoride: II. Fluoride Content of Blood and Urine as a Function of the Fluorine in Drinking Water, J Dent Res29 :596-600, 1950.
2.
Shearer, T.R. and Suttie, J.W.: Effect of Fluoride Administration on Plasma Fluoride and Food Intake in the Rat, Am J Physiol212:1165-1168, 1967.
3.
Guy, W.S. ; Taves, D.R.; and Brey, W.S.: Organic Fluorocompounds in Human Plasma: Prevalence and Characterization. In: Biochemistry Involving Carbon- Fluorine Bonds (ed. Robert Fuller ), ACS Symposium Series, No. 28, pp 117-134, 1965.
4.
Ophaug, R.H. and Singer, L.: Influence of Variations in Fluoride Intake on the Ionic and Bound Fractions of Plasma and Muscle Fluoride, Proc Soc Exper Biol Med155: 23-26, 1977.
5.
Ekstrand, J. : Relationship between Fluoride in the Drinking Water and the Plasma Fluoride Concentration in Man, Caries Res12:123-127, 1978.
6.
Zipkin, I.; Mcclure, F.J.; Leone, N.C.; and Lee, W.A.: Fluoride Disposition in Human Bones After Prolonged Ingestion of Fluoride in Drinking Water, Pub Hlth Rept US73:732-740, 1958.
7.
Smith, F.A.: Metabolism of Inorganic Fluoride. In: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, Pharmacology of Fluorides (ed. F. A. Smith), vol XX, Part I, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1966, pp. 107-117.
8.
Jackson, D. and Weidmann, S.M.: The Relationship Between Age and the Fluorine Content of Human Dentine and Enamel: A Regional Survey, Brit Dent J107:303-306, 1959.
9.
Weatherell, J.A.; Deutsch, D.; Robinson, C.; and Hallsworth , A.S.: Assimilation of Fluoride by Enamel Throughout the Life of the Tooth, Caries Res11 (Suppl 1): 85-115, 1977.
10.
Gedalia, I. ; Brzezinski, N.; Portuguese, N.; and Bercovici, B.: The Fluoride Content of Teeth and Bone of Human Foetuses, Arch Oral Biol9 :331-340, 1964.
11.
Zipkin, I. and Mcclure, F.J.: Deposition of Fluorine in the Teeth and Bones of the Growing Rat, J Nutr47:611-629, 1952.
12.
Suttie, J.W. and Phillips, P.H.: The Effect of Age on the Rate of Fluoride Deposition in the Femur of the Rat, Arch Biochem83:355-359, 1959.
13.
Carlson, C.H. ; Armstrong, W.D.; Singer, L.; and Hinshaw, L.B.: Renal Excretion of Radiofluoride in the Dog, Am J Physiol198:829-832, 1960.
Walser, M.; and Rahill, W.J.: Renal Tubular Transport of Fluoride Compared with Chloride, Am J Physiol210:1290-1292, 1966.
16.
Whitford, G.M. ; Pashley, D.H.; and Stringer , G.I.: Fluoride Renal Clearance :a pH-dependent Event, Am J Physiol230:527-532, 1976.
17.
Harmon, C.; Whitford, G.M.; Pashley, D.H.; Reynolds, K.E.; and Stock, H.: pH-dependence of Fluoride Renal Clearance in Dogs, Soc Exper Biol Med (South-eastern Section): Abstract 13, 1976.
18.
Whitford, G.M. and Pashley, D.H.: The Effect of Body Fluid pH on Fluoride Distribution, Toxicity and Renal Clearance. In: Continuing Evaluation of the Use of Fluorides, Am Assoc Advan Sci Monograph, Selected Symposium11, 187-221, 1979.
19.
Albright, F. and Reifenstein, F.G. , JR.: In: The Parathyroid Glands and Metabolic Bone Disease, Baltimore. Williams and Wilkins Co., 1948, pp. 241-247.
20.
Barzel, U.S. and Jowsey, J.: The Effects of Chronic Acid and Alkali Administration on Bone Turnover in Adult Rats, Clin Sci36:517-524, 1969.
21.
Weatherell, J.A. ; Deutsch, D.; Robinson, C.; and Hallsworth , A.S.: Fluoride Concentrations in Developing Enamel, Nature, Lond. 256:230-232, 1975.
22.
Taves, D.R.: Determination of Submicromolar Concentrations of Fluoride in Biological Samples , Talanta15:1015-1023, 1968 .
23.
Chen, P.S., JR.; Toribara, T.Y.; and Warner, H.: Microdetermination of Phosphorus, Analyt Chem28:1756-1758, 1956.
24.
Whitford, G.M. ; Pashley, D.H.; and Reynolds , K.E.: Fluoride Absorption from the Rat Urinary Bladder: a pH-dependent Event, Am J Physiol232 :F10-F15, 1977.
25.
Whitford, G.M. ; Schuster, G.S.; Pashley, D.H.; and Venkateswarlu , P.: Fluoride Uptake by Streptococcus mutans 6715, Infect Immun18:680-687, 1977.
26.
Reynolds, K.E. ; Whitford, G.M.; and Pashley, D.H.: Acute Fluoride Toxicity: The Influence of Acid-Base Status, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol45:415-427, 1978.
27.
Whitford, G.M. ; Pashley, D.H.; and Reynolds , K.E.: Fluoride Tissue Distribution : Short Term Kinetics, Am J Physiol236:F141-F149, 1979.
28.
Irvine, R.O.H. ; Dow, J.; and Fong, J.: Effect of Anesthesia on the Collection of Blood for Acid-Base Studies in the Rat, Med Pharmacol Exp14:557-562, 1966.
29.
Rollins, D.E. ; Withrow, C.D.; and Woodbury , D.M.: Tissue Acid-Base Balance in Acetazolamide-Treated Rats, J Pharmacol Exptl Ther174:535-540, 1970.
30.
Shearer, T.R. ; Kolstad, D.L.; and Suttie, J.W.: Bovine Dental Fluorosis: Histologic and Physical Characteristics, Am J Vet Res39:597-602, 1978.
31.
Shinoda, H. : Effect of Long-Term Administration of Fluoride on Physico-Chemical Properties of Rat Incisor Enamel, Calcif Tiss Res18:91-100, 1975.
32.
Leatherwood, E.C.; Burnett, G.W.; Chandravejjsmarn , R.; and Sirikaya, P.: Dental Caries and Dental Fluorosis in Thailand, Am J Pub Hlth55:1792-1799, 1965.
33.
Nanda, R.S. ; Zipkin, I.; Doyle, J.; and Horowitz, H.S.: Factors Affecting the Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis in Lucknow, India, Arch Oral Biol19 :781-792,1974.
34.
Grahnen, H. ; Lysell, L.; Myrberg, N.; and Ollinen, P.: Fluoride, Mineralization Defects of the Enamel, and Tooth Width, Acta Pediat Scand63:188-192, 1974.
