Nickel-chromium alloy-ceramic couples used in this study exhibited Cr, Ni-Cr, and Ti-Cr interactions with bonding agent-ceramic complexes. Bonding agents may broaden or suppress the width of interaction zones. Metal oxides such as NiO, Cr2O 3, or more complex forms such as TiO · Cr2O3 and NiCr2O4 may play a prominent role in controlling ceramic-metal adherence.
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