The adhesion of acrylic composite restorative materials to etched dental enamel is increased by a factor of two or more when the enamel is coated with a thin layer of vinylbenzyl phosponic acid (VBPA) prior to forming the enamel-restorative bond. The present results support the suggestion that the enhanced adhesion is attributable to bonding between calcium ions in the enamel surface and phosphonate groups in the VBPA.
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