Effects of Sodium Trimetaphosphate Supplementation of a High Sucrose Diet on the Microbial and Biochemical Composition of Four-Day Plaque and on Urine Calcium and Phosphorus Levels

Abstract

The inclusion of sodium trimetaphosphate in a high sucrose diet produced a decline in the levan hydrolase activity of plaque, in populations of total viable microorganisms and streptococci, and in urine calcium levels. An increase in the fructosyltransferase activity of plaque, in populations of Veillonella and Streptococcus sanguis, and in urine phosphorus levels also occurred.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Nizel, A.E. , and Harris, R.S. : The Effects of Phosphates in Experimental Dental Caries : A Literature Review , J Dent Res 43: 1123-1135, 1964 .

Gilmore, N.D. : The Effect on Dental Caries Activity of Supplementing Diets with Phosphates : A Review, J Pub Health Dent 29: 188-208, 1969.

Englander, H.R. , and Keyes, P.H. : Effects of Phosphate Supplements on Cavitation in Hamsters Infected with Caries-Conducive Streptococci, J Dent Res 49: 140-144, 1970.

Mühlemann, H.R. , and König, K.G. : A Comparative Study of the Cariostatic Effect of Dietary Fluorides, Orthophosphate and Triphosphates in Osborne-Mendel Rats, Helv Odontol Acta 8: 56-62, 1964.

Frew, R.A. : The Anticaries Effect of Topically Applied Phosphate in the Hamster, abstracted , IADR Program and Abstracts of Papers, Abstract No. 464, 1970 .

Harris, R.S. ; Das, S.D. ; and Nizel, A.E. : Cariostatic Effects of Three Types of Phosphates When Fed Singly or in Combinations in the Diets of Rats, J Dent Res 44: 549-553, 1965.

Larson, R.H. ; Spalter, C.D. ; Clemmer, B.A. ; and Scherp, H.W. : Continuous Versus Intermittant Feeding of Different Levels of Trimetaphosphate in Relation to Caries Development in the Rat, Arch Oral Biol 17: 1537-1541, 1972.

Harris, R.S. ; Nizel, A.E. ; and Walsh, N.B. : The Effect of Phosphate Structure on Dental Caries Development in Rats, J Dent Res 46: 290-294, 1967.

Navia, J.M. , and Harris, R.S. : Longitudinal Study of Cariostatic Effects of Sodium Trimetaphosphate and Sodium Fluoride When Fed Separately and Together in Diets of Rats, J Dent Res 48: 183-191, 1969.

10.

Navia, J.M. ; Lopez, H. , and Harris, R.S. : Cariostatic Effects of Sodium Trimetaphosphate When Fed to Rats During Different Stages of Tooth Development, Arch Oral Biol 13: 779-786, 1968.

11.

Larson, R.H. ; Clemmer, B. ; and Scherp, H.W. : Reduction of Rat Caries by Trimetaphosphate on Different Tooth Surfaces: Variations Produced by Diet and Oral Flora, Arch Oral Biol 17: 883-887, 1972.

12.

Gosselin, R.E. ; Rothstein, A. ; Miller, G.J. ; and Berke, H.L. : The Hydrolysis and Excretion of Polymeric Phosphate, J Pharmacol Exp Therap 108: 180-192, 1952.

13.

Gawronski, T.H. ; Staat, R.H. ; and Folke, L.E.A. : Quantitation of Human Dental Plaque by Turbidimetry, J Dent Res 52: 633, 1973.

14.

Staat, R.H. ; Gawronski, T.H. ; Cressey, D.E. ; Harris, R.S. ; and Folke, L.E.A. : Effect of Dietary Sucrose Levels on the Quantity and Microbial Composition of Human Dental Plaque, J Dent Res 54: 872-880, 1975.

15.

Gawronski, T.H. ; Staat, R.H. ; Zaki, H.A. ; Harris, R.S. ; and Folke, L.E.A. : Effects of Dietary Sucrose Levels in the Extracellular Polysaccharide Metabolism of Human Dental Plaque, J Dent Res 54: 881-890, 1975.

16.

Dennis, D.A. ; Gawronski, T.H. ; Sudo, S.Z. ; Harris, R.S. ; and Folke, L.E.A. : Variations in Microbial and Biochemical Components of Four Day Plaque During a Four Week Controlled Diet Period, J Dent Res 54: 716-722, 1975.

17.

Folke, L.E.A. ; Gawronski, T.H. ; Staat, R.H. ; and Harris, R.S. : Effect of Dietary Sucrose on Quantity and Quality of Plaque, Scand J Dent Res 80: 529, 1972.

18.

Carlsson, J. : Presence of Various Types of Non-hemolytic Streptococci in Dental Plaque and in Other Sites of the Oral Cavity in Man , Odontol Revy 18: 55-74, 1967.

19.

Somogyi, M. : Notes on Sugar Determination, J Biol Chem 195: 19-23, 1952.

20.

Dubois, M. ; Gilles, K.A. ; Hamilton, J.K. ; Ribers, P.A. ; and Smith, F. : Colorimetric Method for the Determination of Sugars and Other Related Substances , Anal Chem 28: 330-356, 1956.

21.

Dixon, W.J. , and Massey, F.J. : Introduction to Statistical Analysis, 2nd ed, New York: McGraw Hill, 1965.

22.

Fiske, C.H. , and Subbarow, Y. : The Colorimetric Determination of Phosphorus , J Biol Chem 66: 375-400, 1925.

23.

Ritz, H.L. : Microbial Population Shifts in Developing Human Dental Plaque, Arch Oral Biol 12: 1561-1568, 1967.

24.

Carlsson, J. : Dental Plaque as a Source of Salivary Streptococci , Odontol Revy 18: 173-178, 1967.

25.

Hoerman, K.C. ; Keene, H.J. ; Shklair, I.L. ; and Burmeister , J.A. : The Association of Streptococcus mutans with Early Carious Lesions in Human Teeth, JADA 85 : 1349-1352, 1972.

26.

Liljemark, W.F. : Personal communication.

27.

Llory, H. ; Dammron, A. ; Gioanni, M. ; and Frank, R.M. : Some Population Changes in Oral Anaerobic Microorganisms, Streptococcus Mutans and Yeasts Following Irradiation of the Salivary Glands, Caries Res 6 : 298-311, 1972.

28.

Mazzarella, M.A. , and Shklair, I.L. : Studies on Oral Veillonellae, abstracted, IADR Program and Abstracts of Papers, Abstract No. 90, 1960.

29.

Bladen, H. ; Hageage, G. ; Pollock, F. ; and Harr, R. : Plaque Formation In Vitro on Wires by Gram Negative Oral Microorganisms (Veillonella) , Arch Oral Biol 15: 127-133, 1970.

30.

Liljemark, W.F. , and Gibbons, R.J. : Ability of Veillonella and Neisseria Species to Attach to Oral Surfaces and Their Proportions Present Indigenously, Infect Immun 4: 264-268, 1970.

31.

Ritz, H.L. : Fluorescent Antibody Staining of Neisseria, Streptococcus and Veillonella in Frozen Sections of Human Dental Plaque, Arch Oral Biol 14: 1073-1083, 1969.

32.

Mikx, F.H.N. ; Van Der Hoeven, J.S. ; König, K.G. ; Plasschaert, A.J.M. ; and Guggen-Heim , B. : Establishment of Defined Microbial Ecosystems in Germ-Free Rats: I. The Effect of the Interaction of Streptococcus mutans or Streptococcus sanguis with Veillonella alcalescens on Plaque Formation and Caries Activity, Caries Res 6: 211-223, 1972.

33.

Parker, R.B. , and Snyder, M.L. : Interactions of the Oral Microbiota: I. A System for the Defined Study of Mixed Cultures, Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 108: 749-752, 1961.

34.

Navia, J.M. ; Lopez, H. ; and Latham, M. : Study of Sodium Trimetaphosphate Metabolism in Rats, abstracted, IADR Program and Abstracts of Papers, Abstract No. 102, 1970.

35.

Vincent, W.F. ; Gibbons, W.E. ; and Gasfer, H.A. : Selective Medium for the Isolation of Streptococci from Clinical Specimens, Appl Microbiol 22: 942-943, 1971.

36.

Rogosa, M. ; Fitzgerald, R.J. ; Mackintosh, M.E. ; and Beeman, A.J. : Improved Medium for Selective Isolation of Veillonella, J Bacteriol 76:455-456, 1958.

37.

Staat, R.H. ; Gawronski, T.H. ; and Schach-Tele , C.F. : Detection and Preliminary Studies on Dextranase-Producing Microorganisms from Human Dental Plaque, Infect Immun 8: 1009-1016, 1973.