Some oral organisms that do not form artificial plaque in pure culture interacted to form adherent plaque when combined in mixed culture. The presence of a nonprimary plaque-forming strain of Streptococcus salivarius in combinations with one of several other nonprimary plaque formers, resulted in depositions of large quantities of plaque containing significant amounts of a fructose-positive polysaccharide.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Gibbons, R.J. ; Berman, K.S.; Knoettner , P.; and Kapsimalis , B.: Dental Caries and Alveolar Bone Loss in Gnotobiotic Rats Infected with Capsule Forming Streptococci of Human Origin, Arch Oral Biol11: 549-560, 1966.
2.
Gibbons, R.J. , and Nygaard, M.: Synthesis of Insoluble Dextran and Its Significance in the Formation of Gelatinous Deposits by Plaque Forming Streptococci, Arch Oral Biol13: 1249-1262, 1968.
3.
Jordan, H.V. , and Keyes, P.H.: Aerobic, Gram-positive, Filamentous Bacteria as Etiologic Agents of Experimental Periodontal Disease in Hamsters, Arch Oral Biol9: 401-414, 1964.
4.
Socransky, S.S. ; Hubersak, C.; and Propas, D.: Induction of Periodontal Destruction in Gnotobiotic Rats by a Human Oral Strain of Actinomyces naeslundii, Arch Oral Biol15: 993-995, 1970.
5.
Bladen, H.; Hageage, G.; Pollack, F.; and Harr, R.: Plaque Formation in vitro on Wires by Gram-negative Oral Microorganisms (Veillonella) , Arch Oral Biol15 : 127-133, 1970.
6.
Mikx, F.H.M. ; Van Der Hoeven, J.S.; Konig , K.G.; Plasschaert, A.J.M.; and Guggenheim , B.: Establishment of Defined Microbial Ecosystems in Germ-free Rats: I. The Effect of the Interaction of Streptococcus mutans or Streptococcus sanguis with Veillonella alcalescens on Plaque Formation and Caries Activity, Caries Res6 :211-223, 1972.
7.
Miller, C.H. ; and Kleinman, J.L.: Effect of Microbial Interactions on In Vitro Plaque Formation by Streptococcus mutans, J Dent Res53:427-434, 1974.
8.
Jordan, H.V. ; Fitzgerald, R.J.; and Bowler, A.E.: Inhibition of Experimental Caries by Sodium Metabisulfite and Its Effect on the Growth of Selected Bacteria, J Dent Res39: 116-123, 1960.
9.
Jordan, H.V. , and Keyes, P.H.: In Vitro Methods for the Study of Plaque Formation and Carious Lesions, Arch Oral Biol11: 793-801, 1966.
10.
McCabe, R.M. ; Keyes, P.H.; and Howell, A.: An In Vitro Method for Assessing the Plaque Forming Ability of Oral Bacteria, Arch Oral Biol12: 1653-1656, 1967.
11.
Hobson, P.N. ; and Macpherson, M.J.: Some Serological and Chemical Studies on Materials Extracted from an Amylolytic Streptococcus from the Rumen of the Sheep, Biochem J57: 145-151, 1954.
12.
Gibbons, R.J. , and Banghart, S.: Variation in Extracellular Polysaccharide Synthesis by Cariogenic Streptococci, Arch Oral Biol13: 697-701, 1968.
13.
Dubois, M.; Giles, K.A.; Hamilton, J.K.; Rebers, P.A.; and Smith, F.: Colorimetric Method for Determination of Sugars and Related Substances , Anal Chem28: 350-354, 1956.
14.
Roe, J.H. ; Epstein, J.H.; and Goldstein , N.P.: A Photometric Method for the Determination of Inulin in Plasma and Urine, J Biol Chem178: 839-845, 1949.
15.
Snyder, M.L. ; Hackedorn, H.M.; Martin , D.O.; and Johnston , D.D.: The Synthesis of Mucinous Polysaccharides from Sucrose by Oral Bacteria, J Dent Res34: 368-379, 1955.
16.
Wood, J.M.: The Amount of Distribution and Metabolism of Soluble Polysaccharides in Human Dental Plaque, Arch Oral Biol12: 849-858, 1967.
17.
Manly, R.S. , and Richardson, D.T.: Metabolism of Levan by Oral Samples, J Dent Res47: 1080-1086, 1968 .
18.
Gilmore, E.L. , and Bhaskar, S.N.: Effect of Tongue Brushing on Bacteria and Plaque Formed In Vitro, J Periodontol43: 418-422, 1972.
19.
Gibbons, R.J. ; Socransky, S.S.; Dearaujo , W.C.; and Van Houte , J.: Studies of the Predominant Cultivable Microbiota of Dental Plaque, Arch Oral Biol9: 365-370, 1964.
20.
Zinner, D.D. ; Jablon, J.M.; Aran, A.P.; and Saslaw, M.S.: Experimental Caries Induced in Animals by Streptococci of Human Origin, Proc Soc Exp Biol Med118: 766-770, 1965.
21.
Gibbons, R.J. , and Banghart, S.: Induction of Dental Caries in Rats with a Levan-Forming Streptococcus and a Streptococcus Isolated from Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis, Arch Oral Biol13: 297-308, 1968.
22.
Rosen, S.: Comparisons of Sucrose and Glucose in the Causation of Dental Caries in Gnotobiotic Rats, Arch Oral Biol14:445-450, 1969.
23.
Krasse, B., and Carlsson, J.: Various Types of Streptococci and Experimental Caries in Hamsters , Arch Oral Biol15: 25-32, 1970.
24.
Van Houte, J.; Gibbons, R.J.; and Banghart , S.B.: Adherence as a Determinant of the Presence of Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus sanguis on the Human Tooth Surface, Arch Oral Biol15: 1025-1034, 1970.
25.
Van Houte, J.; Gibbons, R.J.; and Pulk-Kinen , A.J.: Adherence as an Ecological Determinant for Streptococci in the Human Mouth, Arch Oral Biol16: 1131-1141, 1971.
