Electromyography of the circumoral muscles was undertaken with the use of fine-wire electrodes that were inserted into of hair follicles of ten patients with full dentitions and normal occlusion. The inferior circumoral muscles, which initiated many oral activities, had a higher degree of activity than did the superior circumoral muscles. Tonic discharge during mandibular rest was infrequent.
Proffit, W.R. ; Kydd, W.L.; Wilskie , G.H.; and Taylor, D.T.: Intraoral Pressures in a Young Adult Group , J Dent Res43: 555-562, 1964.
6.
Weinstein, S. : Minimal Forces in Tooth Movement, Am J Orthod53: 881-903, 1967.
7.
Jacobs, R.M. : Treatment Objectives and Case Retention, Cybernetic and "Myometric" Considerations, Am J Orthod58: 552-564, 1970.
8.
Schlossberg, L., and Harris, S.C.: An EMG Investigation of the Functioning Perioral and Suprahyoid Musculature in Normal Occlusion and Malocclusion Patients , Am J Orthod42: 153, 1956.
9.
Moyers, R.E. : Some Recent EMG Findings on the Orofacial Muscles , Trans Europ Orthodont Soc32: 225-232, 1956.
10.
Lundquist, D.O.: An Electromyographic Analysis of the Function of the Buccinator Muscle as an Aid to Denture Retention and Stabilization , J Prosthet Dent9: 44-52, 1958.
11.
Baril, C., and Moyers, R.E.: An Electromyographic Analysis of the Temporalis Muscles and Certain Facial Muscles in Thumb and Finger Sucking Patients, J Dent Res39: 536-553, 1960.
12.
Tallgren, A. : An Electromyographic Study of the Response of Certain Facial and Jaw Muscles to Loss of Teeth and Subsequent Complete Denture Treatment, Odontol Tidsk69: 383-430, 1961.
13.
Marx, R.: The Circum-oral Muscles and the Incisor Relationship-An Electromyographic Study, Europ Orthodont Soc Rep Conqr41: 187-201, 1965.
Sumitsuji, N. ; Matsumoto, K.; Tanaka , M.; Kashiwagi, T.; and Kaneko, Z.: Electromyographic Investigation of the Facial Muscles, Electromyog Clin Neurophysiol7 : 77-96, 1967.
16.
Lehr, R.P.; Blanton, P.L.; and Biggs, N.L.: An Electromyographic Study of the Mylohyoid Muscle, Anat Rec169:651-660, 1971.
17.
Sumitisuji, N. ; Matsumoto, K.; and Kaneko, Z.: A New Method to Study Facial Expression Using Electromyography, Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol5: 269-272, 1965.
18.
Blanton, P.L. ; Biggs, N.L.; and Perkins, R.C.: Apparatus Facilitating the Preparation of Fine-wire Electrodes for Electromyography , Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol9: 213-214, 1969.
19.
Basmajian, J.V.: Muscles Alive, 2d ed, Baltimore: The Williams & Wilkins Co., 1967, pp 46-47.
20.
Ahlgren, J. : Mechanism of Mastication: A Quantitative Cinematographic and Electromyographic Study of Masticatory Movements in Children with Special Reference to Occlusion of the Teeth, Acta Odontol Scand24 (suppl 44) : 1-109, 1966.
21.
Blanton, P.L. ; Biggs, N.L.; and Perkins, R.C.: Electromyographic Analysis of the Buccinator Muscle, J Dent Res49: 389-394, 1970.
