Cell membranes of cariogenic and related streptococci were studied by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels containing a detergent and urea. The electrofocusing patterns of membrane proteins were distinctly different. The differences among strains were similar to those found by serological tests and by genetic studies.
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3.
Gibbons, R.J.: Ecology and Cariogenic Potential of Oral Streptococci, in Wannamaker, L.W., and Matsen, J.M. (eds) : Streptococci and Streptococcal Diseases, New York: Academic Press, 1972, pp 371-385.
4.
Bratthall, D. : Demonstration of Five Serological Groups of Streptococcal Strains Resembling Streptococcus mutans, Odontol Revy21: 143-152, 1970.
Coykendall, A.L.: A Proposal to Divide Streptococcus mutans into Four Varieties, abstracted, IADR Program and Abstracts of Papers, No. 66, 1972.
7.
Freimer, E.H. : Studies of L-Forms and Protoplasts of Group A Streptococci. II. Chemical and Immunological Properties of the Cell Membrane , J Exp Med117: 377-399, 1963.
8.
Fowler, R.C. ; Coble, C.W.; Kramer , N.C.; and Brown, T.McP. : Starch Gel Electrophoresis of a Fraction of Certain of the Pleuropneumonia-Like Group of Microorganisms, J Bacteriol86: 1145-1151, 1963.
9.
Suginaka, H. ; Blumberg, P.M.; and Strom-Inger , J.L.: Multiple Penicillin-Binding Components in Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, J Biol Chem247: 5279-5288, 1972.
10.
Jablon, J.M. , and Zinner, D.D.: Differentiation of Cariogenic Streptoccoci by Fluorescent Antibody, J Bacteriol92: 1590-1596, 1966.
11.
Gibbons, R.J. ; Berman, K.S.; Knoettner , P.; and Kapsimalis , B.: Dental Caries and Alveolar. Bone Loss in Gnotobiotic Rats Infected with Capsule-Forming Streptococci of Human Origin, Arch Oral Biol11:549-560, 1966.
12.
Hamada, S.; Kato, K.; and Kotani, S.: Studies on Cell Walls of Group A Streptococcus pyogenes, Type 12. I. Mechanism of Lysis by the L-11 Enzyme and Possible Structure of a Peptide Moiety of the Peptidoglycan, Biken J11 : 293-311, 1968.
13.
Hamada, S.; Narita, T.; Kato, K.; and Kotani, S.: Studies on Cell Walls of Group A Streptococcus pyogenes, Type 12. II. Pyrogenic and Related Biological Activities of the Higher Molecular Weight Fraction of an Enzymatic Digest of the Cell Walls, Biken J14:217-231, 1971.
14.
Dische, Z., and Schwarz, K.: Microchemical Methods for Determining Various Pentoses in the Presence of One Another and of Hexoses, Mikrochim Acta2: 13-19, 1937.
15.
Mejbaum, W.: Ueber die Bestimmung kleiner Pentosemengen, Insbesondere in Derivaten der Adenylsaure, Z Physiol Chem258: 117-120, 1939.
16.
Folch, J.; Lees, M.; and Sloane-Stanley, G.H.: A Simple Method for the Isolation and Purification of Total Lipides from Animal Tissues, J Biol Chem226: 497-509, 1957.
17.
Salton, M.R.J. : Structure and Function of Bacterial Cell Membranes , Ann Rev Microbiol21:417-442, 1967.
18.
Gibbons, R.J. , and Nygaard, M.: Synthesis of Insoluble Dextran and Its Significance in the Formation of Gelatinous Deposits by Plaque-Forming Streptococci, Arch Oral Biot13: 1249-1262, 1968.
19.
Guggenheim, B. , and Schroeder , H.E.: Biochemical and Morphological Aspects of Extracellular Polysaccharides Produced by Cariogenic Streptococci, Helv Odontol Acta11: 131-152, 1967.
20.
Garszczynski, S.M., and Edwards, J.R.: Synthesis of a Broth Levan by a Cell Bound Levansucrase from Streptococcus salivarius (SS2), Arch Oral Biol18: 239-251, 1973.
21.
Gibbons, R.J. , and Fitzgerald, R.J.: Dextran-Induced Agglutination of Streptococcus mutans, and Its Potential Role in the Formation of Microbial Dental Plaques , J Bacteriol98: 341-346, 1969.
22.
De Stoppelaar, J.D.; Koenig, K.G.; Plass-Chaert , A.J.M.; and Van Der Hoeven, J.S.: Decreased Cariogenicity of a Mutant of Streptococcus mutans, Arch Oral Biol16: 971-975, 1971.
23.
Hamada, S., and Ooshima, T.: Unpublished results.
24.
Santos Mota, J.; Silva, M.T.; and Guerra, F.C.: Variation in the Membranes of Streptococcus faecalis Related to Different Cultural Conditions , Arch Mikrobiol83 : 293-302, 1972.
