X-ray diffraction data support the stoichiometric requirement of the silver-tin amalgamation reaction that "unreacted y" diminish with increasing mercury. But particles corresponding to the original shape are visible in commercial spherical alloy amalgams. This is a "ghost" microstructure that results from internal amalgamation along dendrite branches of particles that have not been homogenized.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Black, G.V.: An Investigation of the Physical Characters of the Human Teeth in Relation to their Diseases, and to Practical Dental Operations, Together with the Physical Characters of Filling-Materials, Dent Cosmos37:560, 1895.
2.
Paffenbarger, G.C., and Sweeney, W.T.: Specification and Certifications for Dental Materials (1934 Revision of Amalgam Alloy Specifications), JADA21:658, 1934.
3.
Smith, D.L.; Ferguson, G.W.; and Schoonover, I.C. : Microstructure of Dental Amalgam, JADA47:305-311, 1953.
4.
Wing, G., and Ryge, G.: Reaction of Silver-Tin Alloys and Mercury, J Dent Res44:701-711, 1965.
5.
Wing, G., and Ryge, G.: Setting Reactions of Spherical-Particle Amalgams, J Dent Res44:1325-1333, 1965.
6.
Wing, G.: The Microstructure of Dental Amalgam, Aust Dent J10:113-120, 1965.
7.
Mateer, R.S. , and Reitz, C.D.: Phase Identification and Quantitative Metallographic Procedures for Dental Amalgams, J Dent Res50:551-558, 1971.
8.
Troiano, A.R. : An X-ray Study of Dental Amalgams, J Inst Metals63:247-263, 1938.
9.
Ryge, G.; Moffett, A.B.; and Barkow, A.G.: Microstructural Observations and X-ray Diffraction Studies of Silver-Tin Amalgams , J Dent Res32:152-167, 1953.
10.
Fairhurst, C.W. : Crystallography of Dental Amalgam, PhD thesis North-western University, 1966 (University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich, No. 67-4218).
11.
Allan, F.C. ; Asgar, K.; and Peyton, F.A.: Microstructure of Dental Amalgam, J Dent Res44:1002-1012, 1965.
12.
Johnson, L.N. ; Asgar, K.; and Peyton, F.A.: Microanalysis of Copper-Tin Phases in Dental Amalgam, J Dent Res48 :872-878, 1969.
13.
Nadal, R.; Phillips, R.W.; and Swartz, M.L.: Clinical Investigation on the Relation of Mercury to the Amalgam Restoration, I, JADA63:8-21, 1961.
14.
Asgar, K., and Sutfin, L.: Brittle Fracture of Dental Amalgam, J Dent Res44: 977-988, 1965.
15.
Mahler, D.B. , and Van Eysden, J.: Dynamic Creep of Dental Amalgam , J Dent Res48:501-508, 1969.
16.
Wagner, E.: Beitrag zur Klaarung des Korossionsverhaltens der Silber-Zinn-Amalgame , Dtsch Zahnaerztl Z17:99-106, 1962.
17.
Guthrow, C.E. ; Johnson, L.B.; and Lawless, K.R.: Corrosion of Dental Amalgam and Its Component Phases, J Dent Res46:1372-1381, 1967 .
18.
Mateer, R.S. , and Reitz, C.D.: Corrosion of Amalgam Restorations, J Dent Res49: 399-406, 1970.
19.
Jorgensen, K.D. , and Saito, T.: Structure and Corrosion of Dental Amalgams , Acta Odontol Scand28:129-142, 1970.
20.
Eden, G.T., and Waterstrat, R.M. : Effects of Packing Pressures on the Properties of Spherical Alloy Amalgams, JADA77:1024-1030, 1967.
21.
Demaree, N.C. , and Taylor, D.F.: Properties of Dental Amalgams Made from Spherical Alloy Particles, J Dent Res41: 890-906, 1962.
22.
Waterstrat, R.M. , and Hicho, G.E.: Detection of Lattice Deformation and Recovery in Epsilon Phase Silver-Tin Alloys, J Res Natl Bur Stds68A:317-323, 1964.
23.
Crowell, W.S. : The Metallography of Dental Amalgam Alloys , J Dent Res33: 592-595, 1954.
