Cell wall amino acids and carbohydrates, enzyme assays of aldolase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and electrophoretic forms of the latter enzyme were examined in relation to the taxonomy of lactobacilli. It is recommended that the Thermobacterium, Streptobacterium, and Betabacterium subgenera each be divided into two major subgroups.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Orla-Jensen, S.: The Lactic Acid Bacteria, Copenhagen: A. F. Host and Son, 1919.
2.
Orla-Jensen, S.: The Lactic Acid Bacteria, Copenhagen: Einar Munksgaard, 1943.
3.
Seyfried, P.L. : An Approach to the Classification of Lactobacilli Using Computer Aided Numerical Analysis, Canad J Microbiol , 14:313-318, 1968.
4.
Sharpe, M.E.; Fryer, T.F.; and Smith, D.G.: Identification of the Lactic Acid Bacteria, in Gibbs, B.M., and Skinner, F.A. (eds): Identification Methods for Microbiologists, London: Academic Press, 1966, p 65.
5.
Gasser, F.; Mandel, M.; and Rogosa, M.: Lactobacillus jensenii sp. nov., a New Representative of the Subgenus Thermobacterium , J Gen Microbiol, 62:219-222, 1970.
6.
Williams, R.A.D. , and Bowden, E.: The Starch-Gel Electrophoresis of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase and Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase of Streptococcus faecalis, S faecium, and S durans, J Gen Microbiol, 50:329-336, 1968.
7.
Kandler, O.; Schleifer, K.H.; and Dandl, R.: Differentiation of Streptococcus faecalis Andrewes and Horder and Streptococcus faecium Orla-Jensen Based on the Amino Acid Composition of Their Murein, J Bacteriol, 96:1935-1939, 1968 .
8.
Williams, R.A.D. , and Sadler, S.: Electrophoresis of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase, Cell Wall Composition, and the Taxonomy of Heterofermentative Lactobacilli , J Gen Microbiol65:351-358, 1971.
9.
Bowden, G.H. : The Components of the Cell Walls and Extracellular Slime of Four Strains of Staphylococcus salivarius Isolated from Human Dental Plaque, Arch Oral Biol, 14:685-697, 1969.
10.
Atfield, G.N. , and Morris, C.J.O.R.: Analytical Separations by High-Voltage Paper Electrophoresis: Amino Acids in Protein Hydrolysates, Biochem J, 81 :606-614, 1961.
11.
Islam, A., and Darbre, A.: Gas-Liquid Chromatography of Trifluoroacetylated Amino Acid Methyl Esters . Development of a Mixed Stationary Phase for Their Separation, J Chromatog, 43:11-24, 1969.
12.
Perkins, H.R. : A Polymer Containing Glucose and Aminohexuronic Acid Isolated from the Cell Walls of Micrococcus lysodiekticus, Biochem J86:475-483, 1963.
13.
Bruns, F.H., and Bergmeyer, H.U.: Fructose 1:6 Diphosphate Aldolase, in Bergmeyer, H.U. (ed.): Methods of Enzymatic Analysis, London: Academic Press, 1963, p 724.
14.
Gornall, A.G. ; Bardawill, C.J.; and David, M.M.: Determination of Serum Proteins by Means of the Biuret Reaction, J Biol Chem, 177:751-766, 1949.
15.
Hansen, P.A. : Type Strains of Lactobacillus Species. A Report by the Taxonomic Subcommittee on Lactobacilli and Closely Related Organisms , Rockville, Maryland: American Type Culture Collection, 1968.
16.
Hardy, T.L. ; Holland, D.O.; and Nayler, J.H.C.: One-Phase Solvent Mixtures for the Separation of Amino Acids, Anal Chem , 27:971-974, 1955.
17.
Cummins, C.S. , and Harris, H.: The Chemical Composition of the Cell Wall of Some Gram Positive Bacteria and Its Possible Value as a Taxonomic Character , J Gen Microbiol, 14:583-600, 1956.
18.
Ikawa, M., and Snell, E.E.: Cell Wall Composition of Lactic Acid Bacteria, J Biol Chem , 235:1376-1382, 1960.
19.
Davis, G.H.G. : The Classification of Lactobacilli from the Human Mouth, J Gen Microbiol, 13:481-493, 1955.
20.
Wood, W.A.: Fermentation of Carbohydrates and Related Compounds, in Gunsalus, I.C., and Stanier, R.Y. (eds): The Bacteria, Vol II, New York: Academic Press, pp 59-149.
21.
Sokatch, J.R.: Fermentation of sugars, in Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism, New York: Academic Press, pp 72-111.
22.
Buyze, G.; Van Den Hamer, C.J.; and De Haan, P.G. : Correlation between Hexose-Monophosphate Shunt, Glycolytic System and Fermentation-type in Lactobacilli, Antonie Leeuwenhoek, 23:345-350, 1957.
23.
Gasser, F.: Electrophoretic Characterisation of Lactic Dehydrogenases in the Genus Lactobacillus , J Gen Microbiol, 62 :223-239, 1970.
24.
Heath, E.C.; Hurwitz, J.; Horecker, B.L.; and Ginsburg, A.: Pentose Fermentation by Lactobacillus plantarum. I. Cleavage of Xylulose-5-Phosphate by Phosphoketolase, J Biol Chem, 231:1009-1029, 1958.
25.
Shahani, K.M. , and Vakil, J.R.: Carbohydrate Metabolism of Lactic Acid Cultures. I. Effects of Antibiotics on the Glucose, Galactose and Lactose Metabolism of Streptococcus lactis, J Dairy Res, 45 :1057-1065, 1962.
26.
Vakil, J.R. , and Shahani, K.M.: Carbohydrate Metabolism of Lactic Acid Cultures III. Glycolytic Enzymes of Streptococcus lactis and Their Sensitivity to Antibiotics, Canad J Microbiol15:753-759, 1969.
27.
Morichi, T. ; Sharpe, M.E.; and Reiter, B.: Esterases and Other Soluble Proteins of Some Lactic Acid Bacteria, J Gen Microbiol, 53:405-414, 1968.
28.
Gasser, F., and Sebald, M.: Composition en bases nucleiques des bacteries du genre Lactobacillus , Ann Inst Pasteur (Paris), 110:261-275, 1966.
29.
Gasser, F., and Mandel, M.: Deoxyribonucleic Acid Base Composition of the Genus Lactobacillus , J Bact, 96:580-588, 1968.
30.
Miller, A., III; Sandine, W.E.; and El-Liker , P.R.: Deoxyribonucleic Acid Base Composition of Lactobacilli Determined by Thermal Denaturation, J Bact, 102 :278-280, 1970.
31.
Leifson, E. : Bacterial Taxonomy: A Critique, Bact Rev, 30:257-266, 1966.