Dental amalgam alloys contain silver and tin as major components. In this study, diffusion couples were used to examine the reaction of silver and tin with mercury. The results are compared with respective binary alloy systems and are extended to an analysis of the structures and properties developed in triturated and condensed certified alloys.
Oglesby, P.; Dickson, G.; and Davenport, R.: Viscoelastic Behavior of Dental Amalgam, abstracted, IADR Program and Abstracts of Papers, No. 25, 1965.
7.
Mahler, D.B. : Fatigue Properties of Dental Amalgam, abstracted , IADR Program and Abstracts of Papers, No. 23, 1965.
8.
Young, F.A. , and Wilsdorf, H.G.F. : A Study of the Strength Relationships Between Dental Amalgam and AgsSn, abstracted, IADR Program and Abstracts of Papers, No. 21, 1965.
9.
Braden, M.: Deformation of Amalgam by Indentors, J Dent Res47:580-583, 1968.
Troiano, A.R. : An X-Ray Study of Dental Amalgams, J Inst Met63:247-263, 1938.
15.
Wing, G., and Ryge, G.: Reaction of Silver-Tin Alloys and Mercury, J Dent Res44:701-712, 1965.
16.
Ryge, G.; Fairhurst, C.W.; and Fischer, C.H.: The Present Knowledge of the Setting of Dental Amalgam, Int Dent J11: 181-195, 1961.
17.
Hudson, D.R. : On The Density, Thixotrophy and Setting of Heterogeneous Silver Amalgams, Metallurgia29:207-213, 1944.
18.
Guide to Dental Materials and Devices, 4th ed, Chicago: American Dental Association, 1968, pp 13-28.
19.
Günther, F. , and Jehmlich, G.: Rontgenologische Untersuchung iiber die Diffusion im System Zin-Quecksilber, Z Metallkunde50:288-293, 1959.
20.
Forsten, L. : Physical Properties of Dental Amalgams, Suome Hammaslaak Toim64: 11-84, 1968 (English).
21.
Jorgensen, S.D. , and Sarro, T.: Structure and Corrosion of Dental Amalgam , Acta Odont Scand73:557-568, 1969.
22.
Jorgensen, K.D. : The Mechanism of Marginal Fracture of Amalgam Fillings, Acta Odont Scand23:347-389, 1965.
23.
Ryge, G.; Telford, R.F., and Fairhurst, C.W.: Strength and Phase Formation of Dental Amalgam, J Dent Res36:986-991, 1957.
24.
Nagai, K.; Ohashi, M.; and Hasegawa, K.: Comparative Study of the Marginal Strengths of Conventional and Spherical Amalgam Alloys, J Nihon Univ Sch Dent9:49-66, 1967.
25.
Gruber, R.; Skinner, E.W.; and Greener, E.H.: Compressive Strength and Dimensional Change of Amalgams Made with Silver-rich (Ag-Sn) Alloys, abstracted, IADR Program and Abstracts of Papers, No. 22, 1965.
26.
Charbeneau, G.T.: Surface Roughness of Amalgam Attained by Various Finishing Procedures, abstracted , IADR Program and Abstracts of Papers, No. 15, 1965.
27.
Azar, E.S.; Gardner, K.D.; Hodson, J.T.; and Stibbs, G.D.: Effect of Compaction Technic and Mercury:Alloy Ratio on the Adaptation of Spherical Alloy Dental Amalgam, J Dent Res48:879-882, 1969.
28.
Peyton, F.A. ; and Liatukas, E.L.: Compressive Strength of Amalgam as Influenced by Different Condensation Forces, J Prosth Dent11:939-941, 1961.
29.
Osborne, J.W. ; Ferguson, G.W.; Soren-Sen , S.E.; and Gale, E.N.: Compressive Strength of Amalgam Triturated by a High-Speed Amalgamator and by an Ultrahigh-speed Mixer, J Prosth Dent19: 598-604, 1968.
30.
Jorgensen, K.D.: Structure Study of Amalgam. III. The Marginal Structure of Class II Amalgam Fillings, Acta Odont Scand25:85-104, 1967.
31.
Rhines, F.N.: Phase Diagrams in Metallurgy, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1956, p 30.
32.
Hansen, M.: Constitution of Binary Alloys, 2nd ed, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. , 1958.
33.
Fairhurst, C.W., and Ryge, G.: Advances in X-Ray Analysis, vol 5, New York: Plenum Press, 1962, pp 64-70.
34.
Smith, D.L. ; Ferguson, G.W.; and Schoonover , I.C.: Microstructure of Dental Amalgam, JADA47:305-311, 1953.
35.
Wing, G., and Ryge, G.: Setting Reactions of Spherical-Particle Amalgams, J Dent Res44:1325-1333, 1965.
36.
Doan, G.E.: The Principles of Physical Metallurgy, New York : McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1953 , p 177.
37.
Guy, A.G.: Elements of Physical Metallurgy, 2nd ed, Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc. , 1959, p 411.
38.
Reed-Hill, R.E.: Physical Metallurgy, Principles, Princeton, NJ : D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., 1964 , pp 252-293.
39.
Seith, W.: Diffuzia v Metallach, B. E. Boltaks (ed), Moscow: Izdatel'stvo Innostrannoi Literaturi, 1958.
40.
Findlay, A.: The Phase Rule, 8th ed, New York : Dover Publications, 1938 , pp 1-14.
41.
Johnson, L.B. : X-Ray Diffraction Evidence for the Presence of β (Ag-Hg) in Dental Amalgam, J Biomed Mat Res1: 285-297, 1967.
42.
Johnson, L.B. : Confirmation of the Presence of β (Ag-Hg) in Dental Amalgam, J Biomed Mat Res1:415-425, 1967.
43.
Gayler, M.L.V. : The Constitution of the Alloys of Silver , Tin and Mercury, J Inst Met60:379-406, 1937.
44.
Baird, H.W. , and Muller, F.A.: Growth Twinning in y Crystals of the Silver-Mercury System, J Biomed Mat Res3: 369-373, 1969.
45.
Taylor, D.F. , and Burns, C.L.: An Investigation of the Constitution of the Mercury-Tin System, J Res NBS67A :55-70, 1963.
46.
Young, F.A. , and Johnson, L.B.: Strength of the Tin-Mercury Phase in Dental Amalgam, J Dent Res46:457, 1967.
47.
Johnson, L.N. ; Asgar, K.; and Peyton, F.A.: Microanalysis of Copper-Tin Phases in Dental Amalgam, J Dent Res48 :872-878, 1969.
48.
Vogel, R., and Bächstaedt, A.: Zur Deutung der bei Erhartung von Zahnplomben aus Zinn-Silber Amalgam auftretenden Gefuge, Z Metallkunde44:360-366, 1957.
49.
Nial, O.; Almin, A.; and Westgren, A.: Rontgenanalyse der Systeme Gold-Antimon und Silber-Zinn, Z Phys Chem14: 81-90, 1931.
50.
Clark, D.S. , and Varney, W.R.: Physical Metallurgy for Engineers, 2nd ed, Princeton, NJ: D. Van Nostrand Publishing Co, Inc. , 1962, pp 365-387.
51.
Collected papers in Properties of Metallic Surfaces, Monograph and Report Series No. 13, London: The Institute of Metals, 1953.
52.
Young, F.A. , and Wilsdorf, H.G.F.: Influence of Acid-Treated Ag3Sn on the Tensile Strength and Fracture of Dental Amalgam, J Biomed Mat Res2:401-403, 1968.
