In odontometric studies, root divergence can be expressed in terms of the ratio of the projected root length to the actual root length (cosine) or as the actual angle itself. Since the distribution of the cosines is skewed and the distribution of the angles is rather symmetrical, the angle measurement is preferable. Various types of significance tests with either measurement will generally not differ greatly, because of the insensitive (robust) nature of these tests.
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References
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Moss, M.L.; Chase, P.S.; and Howes, R.I.: Comparative Odontometry of the Permanent Post-Canine Dentition of American Whites and Negroes, Amer J Phys Anthrop27 :125-142, 1967.
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Granville, W.A. ; Smith, P.F.; and Long-Ley , A.R.: Elements of Differential and Integral Calculus, New York: Ginn and Co., 1957, pp 369-371.
3.
Chilton, N.W. : Design and Analysis in Dental and Oral Research , Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1967, pp 69-71, 94-97.
