The prevalence and the inheritance of shovel-shaped incisors were studied in children from northwestern Argentine provinces. One hundred percent of the deciduous and permanent incisors were shovel shaped, and a high frequency of the S-gene in the permanent dentition was found. These findings demonstrate a strong Mongoloid genetic component in this population.
Carbonell, V.M. : "Variations in the Frequency of Shovel-Shaped Incisors in Different Populations," in D.R. Brothwell, (ed.), Dental Anthropology, London: Pergamon Press, 1963, pp 221-234.
3.
Hanihara, K.: "Crown Characters of the Deciduous Dentition of the Japanese-American Hybrids," in D.R. Brothwell, (ed.), Dental Anthropology, London: Pergamon Press, 1963, pp 105-124.
4.
Hanihara, K. ; Some Crown Characters of the Deciduous Incisors and Canines in Japanese-American Hybrids, J Anthrop Soc Nipon72:135-145, 1965.
5.
Peobrsen, P.O. : The East Greenland Eskimo Dentition, Meddeletser Grønland142:1-244, 1949.
6.
Moorrees, C.F.A. : The Aleut Dentition, Cambridge : Harvard University Press, 1957 .
7.
Turner, C.G. : Dental Genetic and Micro-evolution in Prehistoric and Living Koniag Eskimo, J Dent Res46:911-917, 1967.
8.
Hrdlička, A.: Further Studies on Tooth Morphology, Amer J Phys Anthrop4 :141-176,1921.
9.
Hooton, E.A.: The Indians of Pecos Pueblo, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1930.
10.
Hrdlička, A.: Anthropology of the Sioux, Amer J Phys Anthrop16:123-166, 1931.
11.
Nelson, C.T.: The Teeth of the Indians of the Pecos Pueblo, Amer J Phys Anthrop23:261-293, 1937.
12.
Dahlberg, A.A. , and Mikkelsen, 0.: The Shovel-Shaped Character in the Teeth of the Pima Indians, Amer J Phys Anthrop5 :234-235, 1947.
13.
Goldstein, M.S. : Dentition of the Indian Crania from Texas, Amer J Phys Anthrop6:63-84, 1948.
14.
Dahlberg, A.A.: "The Dentition of the American Indian," in W.S. Laughlin (ed.), The Physical Anthropology of the American Indians, New York: The Viking Fund, Inc., 1951, pp 138-176.
15.
Salles Cunha, E.: Historia de Odontologia no Brasil, Vol 2, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Editora Cientifica1959, pp 59, 113, 134.
16.
Salles Cunha, E.: Affecçoes Alveolo-Dentarias de Populaçâo do Sambaqui de Cabeçuda, Rev Mus Paulista14:523-529, 1963.
17.
Brewer-Carias, Ch.: Antropología Dental de los Indios Soto, Caracas, Venezuela, 1964, pp 50-52.
18.
Devoto, F.C.H. , and Arias, N.H.: Shovel-Shaped Incisors in Early Atacama Indians, J Dent Res46:1478, 1967.
19.
Hardy, G.H. , and Weinberg, W.: 1908, cited by C.G. Turner' and by N. Yasuda, Amer J Hum Gen20:1-123, 1968.
20.
Hardy, G.H. : Mendelian Proportions in a Mixed Population , Science28:49-50, 1908.