Infrared studies have shown that silica gel and H2PO4-1 ions are formed in fresh cement paste. Subsequently, during setting and hardening, H 2PO4-1 ions further react to form covalent phosphates and are removed from the system. In an uncertified cement, H2PO 4-1 ions were found in substantial amounts even in the set cement, which accounted for poor strength and durability.
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