The prevalence of dental caries was studied in skulls of nineteenth century Araucanian children from the Argentine provinces of Buenos Aires and La Pampa. The results were contrasted with those from a contemporary sample of Caucasian children from the city of Buenos Aires. Significantly higher values were found in the Caucasian sample. The nature of the diet and the fluoride content of the water seemed to be more decisive than racial and genetic structure in explaining these differences.
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