Based on radiographic and microradiographic evidence, a 10% stannous fluoride solution produced remineralization of the carious dentin more rapidly than, and was superior to, other remineralizing solutions and calcifying solutions. Permeability to dye penetration was reduced. Electron photomicrographs showed an electron-dense material deposited in the dentinal matrix.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Head, J.: A Study on Saliva and Its Action on Tooth Enamel in Reference to Its Hardening and Softening, JAMA59:2118-2122, 1912 .
2.
Ruthrauff, W.M.: Landmarks in Dental Research Leading to the Establishment of the Calcification Theory of Immunity to Dental Caries, Philadelphia: W.M. Ruthrauff Co., 1923.
Koulourides, T., and Pigman, W.: Studies on Rehardening of Artificially Softened Enamel, J Dent Res39:198, 1960.
5.
Koulourides, T.; Cueto, H.; and Pigman, W.: Rehardening Of Softened Enamel Surfaces of Teeth by Solutions of Calcium Phosphates, Nature189:226-227, 1961.
6.
Brudevold, F. ; Amdur, B.H.; and Messer, A.: Factors Involved in Remineralization of Carious Lesions, Arch Oral Biol6:304, 1961.
7.
Lenz, H., and Muhlemann, H.R.: In Vivo and In Vitro Effects of Saliva on Etched or Mechanically Marked Enamel After Certain Periods of Time, Helv Odont Acta7:30-33, 1963.
8.
Lenz, H., and Mühlemann, H.R.: Repair of Etched Enamel Exposed to the Oral Environment, Helv Odont Acta7:47-49, 1963.
9.
Pigman, W.; Cueto, H.: and BAUGH. D.: Conditions Affecting the Rehardening of Softened Enamel , J Dent Res43:1187-1195, 1964 .
10.
Mühlemann, H.R.; Lenz, H.; and Ros-Sinsky , K.: Electron Microscopic Appearance of Rehardened Enamel, Helv Odont Acta8:108-111, 1964.
Koulourides, T.; Feagin, F.; and Pigman, W.: Remineralization of Dental Enamel by Saliva In Vitro, Ann NY Acad Sci131(2): 685-930, 1965.
13.
Pickel, F.D. ; Cort, W.; Starr , N.; Bi-Lotti , A.; and Pigman, W.: Evaluation of Enamel-Rehardening Agents in Saliva, J Dent Res44:855-859, 1965.
14.
McDougall, W.A., and Adkins, K.F.: A Method for the In Vitro Study of the Demineralization and Remineralization of the Sub-Surface Enamel, Austral Dent J11:20-26, 1966.
15.
SoGnnaes, R.F. (ed.): Mechanisms of Hard Tissue Destruction, Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1963, vol 4, pp 91-153.
16.
Koulourides, T., and Volker, J.F.: Changes of Enamel Microhardness in the Human Mouth, Alabama J Med Sci1 :435-437, 1964.
17.
Anderson, B.G. : Clinical Study of Arresting Dental Caries , J Dent Res17:443-452, 1938.
18.
Amprino, R. , and Camanni, F.: Historadiographic and Autoradiographic Researches of Hard Dental Tissues, Acta Anat28:217-258, 1956.
19.
Brudevold, F.; Grn, P.; and Mccann, H.G.: Physicochemical Aspects of the Enamel-saliva System, Adv Fluorine Res3: 63-78, 1963.
20.
Souder, W., and Schoonover, I.C. : Experimental Remineralization of Dentin, J Amer Dent Assoc31:1579-1586, 1944 .
21.
Blake, G.C. : Mineralization of Dentinal Tubules In Vitro, abstracted, J Dent Res39:1103-1104, 1960 .
22.
Solomons, C.C. , and Neuman, W.F.: On the Mechanisms of Calcification: the Remineralization of Dentin, J Biol Chem235: 2502-2506, 1960.
23.
Sobel, A.E. : Remineralization of Bones and Teeth, Int Dent J11:363-375, 1961. 24. Mopper, K.W.: Remineralization of Dentin, MS thesis, University of Illinois , Urbana, 1966.
24.
Sowden, J.R. : Preliminary Report on the Recalcification of Carious Dentin, J Dent Child23:187-188, 1956.
25.
Eidelman, E. ; Finn, S.B.; and Koulourides , T.: Remineralization of Carious Dentin Treated with Calcium Hydroxide, J Dent Child32:218-225, 1965.
26.
Miller, W.A. , and Massler, M.: Permeability and Staining of Active and Arrested Lesions in Dentin, Brit Dent J112:187-197, 1962.
27.
Barber, D., and Massler, M.: Permeability of Active and Arrested Carious Lesions to Dyes and Radioactive Isotopes, J Dent Child31:26-33, 1964.
28.
Sarnat, H., and Massler, M.: Microstructure of Active and Arrested Dentinal Caries, J Dent Res44:1389-1401, 1965. 30. Johansen, E.: The Nature of the Carious Lesion, Dental Clinics of North America, 1962, pp 305-319.
29.
Johansen, E. : Electron Microscopic and Chemical Studies of Carious Lesions with Reference to the Organic Phase of Affected Tissues , Ann NY Acad Sci131 :776-785, 1965.
30.
VoN Schmidt, H.F.M.: Histologische Untersuchungen ober die Tiefenwirkung von Zinnfluorid-Losungen am menschlichen Zahnschmelz Dentin and Zement, Schweiz Mschr Zahnheilk72:979-988, 1962.
Koulourides, T.: Dynamics of Tooth Surface-Oral Fluid Equilibrium, in P.H. Staple (ed.), Advances of Oral Biology , New York: Academic Press, 1966, vol 2, pp 149-171.
33.
Cullity, B.D.: Elements of X-ray Diffraction, Reading, Mass: Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc., 1956, p 32.
34.
Weiss, M.B. : Histological Effects of Silver Nitrate on Adult Pulps, J Indiana S Dent Assoc39:294-299, 1960.
35.
Brudevold, F., and Depaola, P.F.: Studies on Topically Applied Acidulated Phosphate-Fluoride at Forsyth Dental Center, Dental Clinics of North America, 1966, pp 299-308.
36.
Newesley, H. , and Holling, H.: Recent Findings on the Crystal Structures of Hypo-mineralized and Carious Teeth, Adv Fluorine Res3:131-135, 1965.
37.
Vahl, J.: Electronic Investigation of Rhombohedral Crystals in Carious Dentin , Arch Oral Biol9:315-320, 1964.
38.
Fischer, R.B. ; Muhler, J.C.; and Wust, C.J.: The Effects of Several Fluoride Reagents Upon the Surface Structure of Powdered Dental Enamel, J Dent Res33 :50-54, 1954.
39.
Forbes, W.C. , and Wei, S.H.Y.: X-Ray Diffraction Analyses of Stannous Fluoride Reactions with Dentinal Caries and Synthetic Hydroxyapatite . IADR Preprinted Abstracts, 1967, p 71.
40.
Wei, S.H.Y. , and Forbes, W.C.: X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Carious Dentin Treated with Stannous Fluoride, Arch Oral Biol1968, to be published.
