The Effect of Heat Treatment Variables on the Microstructure and Hardness of a Cast Dental Gold Alloy

Federal Specification: Gold; Casting, Dental, QQ-G-540a, July 27, 1956, Superintendent of Documents, Washington 25, D. C., U. S. Government Printing Office.

Boulger, G.D. : Personal communication.

Leach, R.H. : Silver-Gold, A.S.M. Metals Handbook, 1948 Edition, Ohio, 1948, Am. Soc. Metals, p. 1146.

Smith, C.S. : Silver-Copper, Ibid, p. 1148.

Wise, E.M. : Silver-Palladium, Ibid, p. 1153.

Kracek, F.C. : Silver-Zinc, Ibid, p. 1155.

Harker, D. : Gold-Copper, Ibid, p. 1170-1171.

Wise, E.M. : Gold-Palladium, Ibid, p. 1173.

Reinhart, F.M. : Gold-Zinc, Ibid, p. 1174.

Wise, E.M. : Copper-Palladium, Ibid, p. 1174.

Phillips, A. , and Brick, R.M. : Copper-Zinc, Ibid, p. 1206.

Wise, E.M. : Silver-Gold-Palladium, Ibid, p. 1241.

Idem : Silver-Copper-Palladium , Ibid, p. 1241.

Leach, R.H. : Silver-Copper-Zinc, Ibid, p. 1242.

Sterner-Rainer, L. : Einige Eigenschaften der Legierungen Au-Ag-Cu , Ztschr. f. Metallkunde 18: 143-148, 1926.

Wise, E.M. , and Eash, J.T. : The Role of the Platinum Metals in Dental Alloys. III. The Influence of Platinum and Palladium and Heat Treatment Upon the Microstructure and Constitution of Basic Alloys, Tr. A. I. M. E., Inst. Metals Div. 104: 276-303, 1933.

Kurnakow, N. , Zemczuzny, S. , and Zasadatelev , M. : The Transformation in Alloys of Gold With Copper, J. Inst. Metals 15: 305-331, 1916.

Merica, P.D. : The Age-hardening of Metals, Tr. A. I. M. E., Inst. Metals Div. 99: 13-54, 1932.

Kurnakow, N.S. , and Ageew, N.W. : Physico-chemical Study of the Gold-Copper Solid Solutions, J. Inst. Metals 46: 481-501, 1931.

Haughton, J.L. , and Payne, R.J.M. : Transformations in the Gold-Copper Alloys , J. Inst. Metals 46: 457-477, 1931.

Hume-Rothery, W. , and Raynor, G.V. : The Structure of Metals and Alloys, ed. 3, London, 1954 , Institute of Metals, pp. 140-156.

Haas, A. : The Thermodynamic Principles as Extended and Perfected by Gibbs, Commentary on the Scientific Writings of J. Willard Gibbs, Vol. II, New Haven, 1936, Yale University Press, pp. 24-33.

Coleman, R.L. : Physical Properties of Dental Materials. III. Progress Report of Research on the Dental Casting Process, D. Cosmos 68: 743-764, 1926.

Hume-Rothery, W. , and Raynor G.V. : The Structure of Metals and Alloys, ed. 3, London, 1954 , Institute of Metals pp. 294-297.

Clark, D.S. , and Varney, W.R. : Physical Metallurgy for Engineers, New York, 1956, D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., pp. 52-53, 404-407.

Gillett, H.W. : Significance of Mechanical Property Data, A. S. M. E. Handbook of Metals Engineering-Design , New York, 1953, McGraw Book Company, Inc., p. 16.

Asher, H.H. , and Comstock, J.A. : Some Causes of Variation in Hardness of Gold-Copper Castings, J. D. Res. 13: 407-413, 1933.

Asher, H.H. : Hardness Study of Transformations in Gold-Copper Alloys, J. D. Res. 14: 349-358, 1934.

Paffenbarger, G.C. , Sweeney, W.T. , and Isaacs, A. : Wrought Gold Wire Alloys: Physical Properties and a Specification, J. A. D. A. 19: 2061-2086, 1932.

Bush, S.H. , Taylor, D.F. , and Peyton, F.A. : A Comparison of the Mechanical Properties, Chemical Compositions, and Microstructures of Dental Gold Wires, J. Pros. Den. 1: 177-187, 1951.

Myers, R.E. : Observations of the Behavior of Molten Metal During Casting, J. D. Res. 13: 275-278, 1933.

Brumfield, R.C. : Dental Gold Structures, Analysis and Practicalities, New York, 1949, J. F. Jelenko & Company, Inc., pp. 91-92.

Definitions of Metallurgical Terms: A. S. M. Metals Handbook , 1948 Edition, Ohio, 1948 , Am. Soc. Metals, p. 7.

American Dental Association Specification No. 5: Tentative Specification for Dental Inlay Casting Golds , J. A. D. A., January, 1932, p. 36.

American Dental Association Specification No. 7: Tentative Specification for Dental Wrought Gold Wire Alloys, J. A. D. A., December, 1932, p. 2079.

Coleman, R.L. Jr. : Physical Properties of Dental Materials. II. (Wrought Gold Alloys) J. A. D. A. 12: 520-546, 1925.

Preparation of Metallographic Specimens (A. S. T. M. Designation E3-46T): A. S. T. M. Standards 1955, Part 2, Non-Ferrous Metals, Philadelphia , 1955, Am. Soc. Testing Materials, p, 1182.

Idem : Ibid, p. 1184.

Determining the Average Grain Size of Metals (A. S. T. M. Designation E112-55T) : A. S. T. M. Standards, 1956 Supplement, Part 1, Ferrous Metals, Philadelphia, 1956, Am. Soc. Testing Materials, pp. 366-375.