Targeted therapy using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has emerged as a widely used form of immunotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Membrane-associated glycoprotein CD317 has been preferentially overexpressed by multiple myeloma cells, and its humanized mAb has been previously used in clinical trials. However, overexpression of CD317 in HNSCC and its correlation with tumor immunity is still uncertain. Here, the immunoreactivity of CD317 was detected in human HNSCC tissue microarrays, which contained 43 oral mucosa samples, 48 dysplasia samples, and 165 primary HNSCC. We found that CD317 expression was up-regulated in HNSCC tumor cells, and the CD317 expression level was independent of the histological grade, tumor size, and lymph node metastasis. Moreover, Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis showed that patients with high expression of CD317 had a poor prognosis compared with patients with low expression. Furthermore, CD317 overexpression in HNSCC was correlated with immune checkpoint molecules PD-L1, B7-H3, and B7-H4 and tumor-associated macrophage markers (CD68 and CD163). We also observed that CD317 was overexpressed in immunocompetent mouse HNSCC tissue compared with normal tissue. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that CD317 overexpression indicates poor prognosis and is correlated with immune-related components in this patient cohort. CD317 may serve as a potential target for effective immunotherapy of HNSCC.
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