Addition of Grape Seed Extract Renders Phosphoric Acid a Collagen-stabilizing Etchant

Abstract

Previous studies found that grape seed extract (GSE), which is rich in proanthocyanidins, could protect demineralized dentin collagen from collagenolytic activities following clinically relevant treatment. Because of proanthocyanidin’s adverse interference to resin polymerization, it was believed that GSE should be applied and then rinsed off in a separate step, which in effect increases the complexity of the bonding procedure. The present study aimed to investigate the feasibility of combining GSE treatment with phosphoric acid etching to address the issue. It is also the first attempt to formulate collagen-cross-linking dental etchants. Based on Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and digestion assay, it was established that in the presence of 20% to 5% phosphoric acid, 30 sec of GSE treatment rendered demineralized dentin collagen inert to bacterial collagenase digestion. Based on this positive result, the simultaneous dentin etching and collagen protecting of GSE-containing phosphoric acid was evaluated on the premise of a 30-second etching time. According to micro-Raman spectroscopy, the formulation containing 20% phosphoric acid was found to lead to overetching. Based on scanning and transmission electronic microscopy, this same formulation exhibited unsynchronized phosphoric acid and GSE penetration. Therefore, addition of GSE did render phosphoric acid a collagen-stabilizing etchant, but the preferable phosphoric acid concentration should be <20%.

Keywords

dental acid etching demineralized dentin matrix cross-linking reagents proanthocyanidins microbial collagenase biode gradation

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Bedran-Russo

Pereira

Duarte

Drummond

Yamauchi

(2007). Application of crosslinkers to dentin collagen enhances the ultimate tensile strength. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 80:268-272.

Breschi

Martin

Mazzoni

Nato

Carrilho

Tjäderhane

. (2010). Use of a specific MMP-inhibitor (galardin) for preservation of hybrid layer. Dent Mater 26:571-578.

Castellan

Pereira

Grande

Bedran-Russo

(2010). Mechanical characterization of proanthocyanidin-dentin matrix interaction. Dent Mater 26:968-973.

De Munck

Van Meerbeek

Yoshida

Inoue

Vargas

Suzuki

. (2003). Four-year water degradation of total-etch adhesives bonded to dentin. J Dent Res 82:136-140.

Epasinghe

Yiu

Burrow

Hiraishi

Tay

(2013). The inhibitory effect of proanthocyanidin on soluble and collagen-bound proteases. J Dent 41:832-839.

Green

Yao

Ganguly

Dusevich

Walker

. (2010). Grape seed proanthocyanidins increase collagen biodegradation resistance in the dentin/adhesive interface when included in an adhesive. J Dent 38:908-915.

Haslam

(1996). Natural polyphenols (vegetable tannins) as drugs: possible modes of action. J Nat Prod 59:205-215.

Khor

(1997). Methods for the treatment of collagenous tissues for bioprostheses. Biomaterials 18:95-105.

Liu

Fang

Xiao

Zhao

. (2011). The effect of transient proanthocyanidins preconditioning on the cross-linking and mechanical properties of demineralized dentin. J Mater Sci Mater Med 22:2403-2411.

10.

Liu

Wang

(2013a). Effect of proanthocyanidins and photo-initiators on photo-polymerization of a dental adhesive. J Dent 41:71-79.

11.

Liu

Wang

(2013b). Proanthocyanidins’ efficacy in stabilizing dentin collagen against enzymatic degradation: MALDI-TOF and FTIR analyses. J Dent 41:535-542.

12.

Liu

Chen

Yao

Zhang

Wang

(2013a). Enhancement in dentin collagen’s biological stability after proanthocyanidins treatment in clinically relevant time periods. Dent Mater 29:485-492.

13.

Liu

Dusevich

Wang

(2013b). Proanthocyanidins rapidly stabilize the demineralized dentin layer. J Dent Res 92:746-752.

14.

Loguercio

Moura

Pellizzaro

Dal-Bianco

Patzlaff

Grande

. (2008). Durability of enamel bonding using two-step self-etch systems on ground and unground enamel. Oper Dent 33:79-88.

15.

Madison

Carnali

(2013). PH optimization of amidation via carbodiimides. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 52:13547-13555.

16.

Malacarne

Carvalho

de Goes

Svizero

Pashley

Tay

. (2006). Water sorption/solubility of dental adhesive resins. Dent Mater 22:973-980.

17.

Migneault

Dartiguenave

Bertrand

Waldron

(2004). Glutaraldehyde: behavior in aqueous solution, reaction with proteins, and application to enzyme crosslinking. BioTechniques 37:790-802.

18.

Pianet

André

Ducasse

Tarascou

Lartigue

Pinaud

. (2008). Modeling procyanidin self-association processes and understanding their micellar organization: a study by diffusion NMR and molecular mechanics. Langmuir 24:11027-11035.

19.

Poncet-Legrand

Cartalade

Putaux

Cheynier

Vernhet

(2003). Flavan-3-ol aggregation in model ethanolic solutions: incidence of polyphenol structure, concentration, ethanol content, and ionic strength. Langmuir 19:10563-10572.

20.

Poticny

(2013). Adhesive systems continue to evolve: a case report. Dent Today 32:79-80, 82-83.

21.

Quideau

Deffieux

Douat-Casassus

Pouységu

(2011). Plant polyphenols: chemical properties, biological activities, and synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 50:586-621.

22.

Soncini

Maserejian

Trachtenberg

Tavares

Hayes

(2007). The longevity of amalgam versus compomer/composite restorations in posterior primary and permanent teeth findings from the New England children’s Amalgam trial. J Am Dent Assoc 138:763-772.

23.

Van Meerbeek

Van Landuyt

De Munck

Hashimoto

Peumans

Lambrechts

. (2005). Technique-sensitivity of contemporary adhesives. Dent Mater J 24:1-13.

24.

Wang

Spencer

(2002). Quantifying adhesive penetration in adhesive/dentin interface using confocal Raman microspectroscopy. J Biomed Mater Res 59:46-55.

25.

Wang

Spencer

(2003). Hybridization efficiency of the adhesive/dentin interface with wet bonding. J Dent Res 82:141-145.

26.

Wang

Yao

(2010). Morphological/chemical imaging of demineralized dentin layer in its natural, wet state. Dent Mater 26:433-442.

27.

Yamakoshi

Saito

Kataoka

Kikuchi

(2002). Safety evaluation of proanthocyanidin-rich extract from grape seeds. Food Chem Toxicol 40:599-607.

Supplementary Material

Please find the following supplemental material available below.

For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.

For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.

0.00 MB

0.23 MB