The innate and adaptive immune systems are both crucial to oral disease mechanisms and
their impact on systemic health status. Greater understanding of these interrelationships
will yield opportunities to identify new therapeutic targets to modulate disease processes
and/or increase host resistance to infectious or inflammatory insult. The topics addressed
reflect the latest advances in our knowledge of the role of innate and adaptive immune
systems and inflammatory mechanisms in infectious diseases affecting the oral cavity,
including periodontitis and candidiasis. In addition, several potential links with
systemic inflammatory conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, are explored. The
findings elucidate some of the defense mechanisms utilized by host tissues, including the
role of IL-17 in providing immunity to oral candidiasis, the antimicrobial defense of
mucosal epithelial cells, and the pro-resolution effects of the natural inflammatory
regulators, proresolvins and lipoxins. They also describe the role of immune cells in
mediating pathologic bone resorption in periodontal disease. These insights highlight the
potential for therapeutic benefit of immunomodulatory interventions that bolster or
modulate host defense mechanisms in both oral and systemic disease. Among the promising
new therapeutic approaches discussed here are epithelial cell gene therapy, passive
immunization against immune cell targets, and the use of proresolvin agents.
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