Calcium-phosphate-coated Oral Implants Promote Osseointegration in Osteoporosis

Abstract

Osteoporotic conditions are anticipated to affect the osseointegration of dental implants. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a radiofrequent magnetron-sputtered calcium phosphate (CaP) coating on dental implant integration upon installment in the femoral condyles of both healthy and osteoporotic rats. At 8 weeks post-implantation, bone volume and histomorphometric bone area were lower around non-coated implants in osteoporotic rats compared with healthy rats. Interestingly, push-out tests revealed significantly enhanced implant fixation for CaP-coated compared with non-coated implants in both osteoporotic (i.e., 2.9-fold) and healthy rats (i.e., 1.5-fold), with similar implant fixation for CaP-coated implants in osteoporotic conditions compared with that of non-coated implants in healthy conditions. Further, the presence of a CaP coating significantly increased bone-to-implant contact compared with that in non-coated implants in both osteoporotic (i.e., 1.3-fold) and healthy rats (i.e., 1.4-fold). Sequential administration of fluorochrome labels showed significantly increased bone dynamics close to CaP-coated implants at 3 weeks of implantation in osteoporotic conditions and significantly decreased bone dynamics in osteoporotic compared with healthy conditions. In conclusion, analysis of the data obtained demonstrated that dental implant modification with a thin CaP coating effectively improves osseointegration in both healthy and osteoporotic conditions.