Although fungi, archaea, and viruses contribute to the microbial diversity in
endodontic infections, bacteria are the most common micro-organisms occurring in
these infections. Datasets from culture and molecular studies, integrated here for
the first time, showed that over 460 unique bacterial taxa belonging to 100 genera
and 9 phyla have been identified in different types of endodontic infections. The
phyla with the highest species richness were Firmicutes,
Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and
Proteobacteria. Diversity varies significantly according to the
type of infection. Overall, more taxa have been disclosed by molecular studies than
by culture. Many cultivable and as-yet-uncultivated phylotypes have emerged as
candidate pathogens based on detection in several studies and/or high prevalence. Now
that a comprehensive inventory of the endodontic microbial taxa has been established,
future research should focus on the association with different disease conditions,
functional roles in the community, and susceptibility to antimicrobial treatment
procedures.
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