Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

During orthodontic tooth movement, the activation of the vascular system in the compressed periodontal ligament (PDL) is an indispensable process in tissue remodeling. We hypothesized that compressive force would induce angiogenesis of PDL through the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We examined the localization of VEGF in rat periodontal tissues during experimental tooth movement in vivo, and the effects of continuous compressive force on VEGF production and angiogenic activity in human PDL cells in vitro. PDL cells adjacent to hyalinized tissue and alveolar bone on the compressive side showed marked VEGF immunoreactivity. VEGF mRNA expression and production in PDL cells increased, and conditioned medium stimulated tube formation. These results indicate that continuous compressive force enhances VEGF production and angiogenic activity in PDL cells, which may contribute to periodontal remodeling, including angiogenesis, during orthodontic tooth movement.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Aldridge SE, Lennard TW, Williams JR, Birch MA -2005a-. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors in osteoclast differentiation and function. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 335:793–798.

Aldridge SE, Lennard TW, Williams JR, Birch MA -2005b-. Vascular endothelial growth factor acts as an osteolytic factor in breast cancer metastases to bone. Br J Cancer 92:1531–1537.

Barleon B, Sozzani S, Zhou D, Weich HA, Mantovani A, Marme D -1996-. Migration of human monocytes in response to vascular endothelial growth factor -VEGF- is mediated via the VEGF receptor flt-1. Blood 87:3336–3343.

Chen YJ, Wurtz T, Wang CJ, Kuo YR, Yang KD, Huang HC, et al. -2004-. Recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells and expression of TGF-beta 1 and VEGF in the early stage of shock wave-promoted bone regeneration of segmental defect in rats. J Orthop Res 22:526–534.

Clauss M, Weich H, Breier G, Knies U, Rockl W, Waltenberger J, et al. -1996-. The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor Flt-1 mediates biological activities. Implications for a functional role of placenta growth factor in monocyte activation and chemotaxis. J Biol Chem 271:17629–17634.

Engsig MT, Chen QJ, Vu TH, Pedersen AC, Therkidsen B, Lund LR, et al. -2000-. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 and vascular endothelial growth factor are essential for osteoclast recruitment into developing long bones. J Cell Biol 151:879–889; erratum in J Cell Biol 152:417, 2001.

Goga Y, Chiba M, Shimizu Y, Mitani H -2006-. Compressive force induces osteoblast apoptosis via caspase-8. J Dent Res 85:240–244.

Janota J, Pomyje J, Toth D, Sosna O, Zivny J, Kuzel D, et al. -2003-. Expression of angiopoietic factors in normal and type-I diabetes human placenta: a pilot study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 111:153–156.

Kaku M, Kohno S, Kawata T, Fujita I, Tokimasa C, Tsutsui K, et al. -2001-. Effects of vascular endothelial growth factor on osteoclast induction during tooth movement in mice. J Dent Res 80:1880–1883.

10.

Kanzaki H, Chiba M, Shimizu Y, Mitani H -2002-. Periodontal ligament cells under mechanical stress induce osteoclastogenesis by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand up-regulation via prostaglandin E2 synthesis. J Bone Miner Res 17:210–220.

11.

Kanzaki H, Chiba M, Arai K, Takahashi I, Haruyama N, Nishimura M, et al. -2006-. Local RANKL gene transfer to the periodontal tissue accelerates orthodontic tooth movement. Gene Ther 13:678–685.

12.

Kohno S, Kaku M, Tsutsui K, Motokawa M, Ohtani J, Tenjo K, et al. -2003-. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and the effects on bone remodeling during experimental tooth movement. J Dent Res 82:177–182.

13.

Kvam E -1972-. Cellular dynamics on the pressure side of the rat periodontium following experimental tooth movement. Scand J Dent Res 80:369–383.

14.

Leung DW, Cachianes G, Kuang WJ, Goeddel DV, Ferrara N -1989-. Vascular endothelial growth factor is a secreted angiogenic mitogen. Science 246:1306–1309.

15.

Maruotti N, Cantatore FP, Crivellato E, Vacca A, Ribatti D -2006-. Angiogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis. Histol Histopathol 21:557–566.

16.

Mayr-Wohlfart U, Waltenberger J, Hausser H, Kessler S, Gunther KP, Dehio C, et al. -2002-. Vascular endothelial growth factor stimulates chemotactic migration of primary human osteoblasts. Bone 30:472–477.

17.

Motokawa M, Kaku M, Tohma Y, Kawata T, Fujita T, Kohno S, et al. -2005-. Effects of cyclic tensile forces on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor -VEGF- and macrophage-colony-stimulating factor -M-CSF- in murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. J Dent Res 84:422–447.

18.

Nakagawa M, Kaneda T, Arakawa T, Morita S, Sato T, Yomada T, et al. -2000-. Vascular endothelial growth factor -VEGF- directly enhances osteoclastic bone resorption and survival of mature osteoclasts. FEBS Lett 473:161–164.

19.

Nakamura Y -1982-. Electron microscopy of bone cells incident to experimental reversed tooth movement. Tsurumi Univ Dent J 8:95–123.

20.

Niida S, Kaku M, Amano H, Yoshida H, Kataoka H, Nishikawa S, et al. -1999-. Vascular endothelial growth factor can substitute for macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the support of osteoclastic bone resorption. J Exp Med 190:293–298.

21.

Proffit WR -2000-. The biological basis of orthodontic therapy. In: Contemporary orthodontics. Proffit WR, Fields HR Jr, editors. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book Inc., pp. 296–325.

22.

Reitan K, Kvam E -1971-. Comparative behavior of human and animal tissue during experimental tooth movement. Angle Orthod 41:1–14.

23.

Reitan K, Rygh P -1994-. Biomechanical principles and reactions. In: Orthodontics: current principles and techniques. Graber TM, Vanarsdal RL Jr, editors. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book Inc, pp. 96–192.

24.

Rygh P -1974-. Elimination of hyalinized periodontal tissues associated with orthodontic tooth movement. Scand J Dent Res 82:57–73.

25.

Sawano A, Iwai S, Sakurai Y, Ito M, Shitara K, Nakahata T, et al. -2001-. Flt-1, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1, is a novel cell surface marker for the lineage of monocyte-macrophages in humans. Blood 97:785–791.

26.

Senger DR, Galli SJ, Dvorak AM, Perruzzi CA, Harvey VS, Dvorak HF -1983-. Tumor cells secrete a vascular permeability factor that promotes accumulation of ascites fluid. Science 219:983–985.

27.

Street J, Bao M, de Guzman L, Bunting S, Peale FV Jr, Ferrara N, et al. -2002-. Vascular endothelial growth factor stimulates bone repair by promoting angiogenesis and bone turnover. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:9656–9661.

28.

Tombran-Tink J, Barnstable CJ -2004-. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts express PEDF, VEGF-A isoforms, and VEGF receptors: possible mediators of angiogenesis and matrix remodeling in the bone. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 316:573–579.

29.

Yoshino H, Morita I, Murota SI, Ishikawa I -2003-. Mechanical stress induces production of angiogenic regulators in cultured human gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts. J Periodontal Res 38:405–410.

30.

Zaki AE, Vanhuysen G -1963-. Histology of the periodontium following tooth movement. J Dent Res 42:1373–1379.

Supplementary Material

Please find the following supplemental material available below.

For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.

For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.

0.00 MB

0.27 MB

Compressive Force Induces VEGF Production in Periodontal Tissues

Abstract

Get full access to this article

References

Supplementary Material