Effect of in vitro Acidification on Plaque Fluid Composition With and Without a NaF or a Controlled-release Fluoride Rinse

Abstract

Plaque fluid ion concentration changes, especially fluoride, in response to the pH decrease associated with a cariogenic episode are important components of the caries process. A "controlled-release" (CR) fluoride rinse, based on the controlled release of fluoride in the presence of calcium, has been shown to form large fluoride reservoirs in resting plaque. In this study, the in vitro acid-induced release of fluoride, and other ions, was examined in 48-hour-fasted plaque fluid from subjects (n = 11) who received no rinse, or who used a 228-ppm CR or NaF fluoride rinse 1 hr before being sampled. After collection, the plaque was centrifuged to yield plaque fluid, acidified (0.1 μL of 0.5 mol/L HCl per milligram plaque), and then re-centrifuged before a second sample was obtained. Although previous studies indicated a higher plaque fluid fluoride after the new rinse relative to NaF, no statistically significant difference was observed here. Average fluoride release after acidification (average pH, 5.2) was statistically greater following the use of the CR rinse (153 μmol/L) compared with the NaF rinse (17 μmol/L). No fluoride release was seen in the no-rinse samples. The pH, free calcium, phosphate, acetate, propionate, and buffer capacity were not affected by the different amounts of fluoride deposited in the plaque. However, following acid addition, an increase in free calcium and phosphate was observed, which was also independent of the rinse. The large release of fluoride following acidification suggests that the new rinse may provide an improved cariostatic effect.