A new structured nonverbal measure of Murray's needs (the Nonverbal Personality Questionnaire) and an established verbal measure (the Personality Research Form) were administered to respondents in six cultures: Canada, Finland, Poland, Germany, Russia, and Hong Kong. An analysis of the psychometric properties of the nonverbal personality inventory showed generally good levels of internal consistency reliability and convergent validity across the respondent groups. Further, analyses of the factor structures of both the nonverbal and verbal inventories showed, in general, a very robust organization to the personality traits. Specifically, the factors found in each culture's data resembled the "Big Five' factors of personality. The authors summarize some of the advantages of a structured nonverbal measure of personality. They also discuss the presumed comprehensiveness of the Big Five personality factors.
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