Locus of control was compared in American college students and Swedish gymnasium students. Swedish women were more externally oriented than Swedish men or Americans of either sex; Swedish men did not differ from Americans. Differences in locus of control were only modestly related to perception of government versus individual locus of responsibility. Locus of control orientation was not significantly related to sex-role attitude.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Arieli, Y. (1964). Individualism and natiotnalism in American ideology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
2.
Campbell, A. , Converse, P. E., Warren, E., & Stokes, D. E. (1960). The American voter. New York: Wiley.
3.
Chandler, T. A. , Shama, D. D., Wolf, F. M., & Planchard, S. K. (1981). Multiattributional causality: A five cross-national samples study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 12 (2), 207-221.
4.
Davis, W. L. , & Phares, E. J. (1969). Parental antecedents of internal-external control of reinforcement. Psychological Reports, 24, 427-436.
5.
Faustman, W. O. , & Mathews, W. M. (1980). Perception of personal control and academic achievement in Sri Lanka: Cross-cultural generality of American research. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 11 (2), 245-252.
6.
Gruen, G. E. , & Ottinger, D. R. (1969). Skill and chance orientations as determiners of problem-solving behavior in lower and middle-class children. Psychological Reports, 24, 207-214.
7.
Gurin, P. , Gurin, G., Lao, R. C., & Beattie, M. (1969). Internal-external control in the motivational dynamics of Negro youth. Journal of Social Issues, 25, 29-53.
8.
Malikiosi, M. X. , & Ryckman, R. M. (1977). Differences in perceived locus of control among men and women adults and university students in America and Greece. Journal of Social Psychology, 103, 177-183.
9.
McGinnies, E. , Nordholm, L. A., Ward, C. D., & Bhanthumnavin, D. L. (1974). Sex and cultural differences in perceived locus of control among students in five countries. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42 (3), 451-455.
10.
Mead, M. (1942). And keep your powder dry. New York: William Morrow.
11.
Orring, J. (1967). School in Sweden (K. Bradfield, Trans.). Stockholm, Sweden: Victor Pettersson Bokindustri.
12.
Phares, E. J. (1976). Locus of control in personality. Morristown, NJ: General Learning.
13.
Roemer, M. I. (1982). An introduction to the U.S. health care system. New York: Springer.
14.
Rosenthal, A. H. (1967). The social programs of Sweden. A search for security in afree society. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota press.
15.
Rotter, J. B. (1954). Social learning and clinical psychology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
16.
Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement. Psychological Monographs, 80 (1, Whole No. 609).
17.
Sall, J. (1981). SAS regression applications. Cary, NC: SAS Institute.
18.
Skoloverstyrelsen . (1969). Laroplan for grundskolan [Teaching plan for compulsory school] (Lgr 69: Allman del). Stockholm: Author.
19.
Skoloverstyrelsen . (1980). Laroplan for grundskolan [Teaching plan for compulsory school] (Lgr 80: Allman del). Stockholm: Author.
20.
Strandberg, O. E. (Ed.). (1968). Social benefits in Sweden (P. E. Burke & E. Marshall, Trans.). Stockholm, Sweden: Brolins Boktryckeri.
21.
Thornton, A. , Alwin, D. F., & Camburn, D. (1982). Changing sex role attitudes: Insights from an intergenerational panel study. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, San Francisco, CA.
22.
Thornton, A. , Alwin, D. F., & Camburn, D. (1983). Causes and consequences of sex-role attitudes and attitude change. American Sociological Review, 48, 211-227.
23.
Thornton, A. , & Freedman, D. (1979). Changes in the sex-role attitudes of women, 1962-1977: Evidence from a panel study. American Sociological Review, 44, 832-842.
24.
White, L. A. (1965). Individuality and individualism: A culturological interpretation. In G. Mills (Ed.), Innocence and power: Individualism in twentieth-century America (pp. 3-35). Austin: University of Texas Press.
