Observations were made of the social interaction and activity patterns of children under 6 years old from two San groups, Sekele and Kwengo. Despite the fact that these children lived with their families in identical settlements on the same military base, marked intergroup differences were found, especially in patterns of social interaction. Differences were particularly marked when comparing girls. The findings are interpreted in the light of cultural history and current demography.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Asher, K. N. , & Erickson, M. T. (1979). Effects of varying teacher-child ratio and group size on day care children's and teachers' behavior. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 43 (3), 518-521.
2.
Berry, J. W. (1980). Ecological analyses for cross-cultural psychology. In N. Warren (Ed.), Studies in cross-cultural psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 157-190). London. Academic Press.
3.
Brooks, A. S. , Gelburd, D. E., & Yelland, J. E. (1984). Food production and culture change among the!Kung San: Implications for prehistoric research. In J. D. Clark & S. A. Brandt (Eds.), From hunters to farmers (pp. 293-311). Berkeley: University of California Press.
4.
Cashdan, E. A. (1984). The effects of food production on mobility in the Central Kalahari. In J. D. Clark & S. A. Brandt (Eds.), From hunters to farmers (pp. 311-327). Berkeley: University of California Press.
5.
Cohen, J. , & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
6.
Cowlishaw, G. K. (1986). Aborigines and anthropologists. Australian Aboriginal Studies, 1, 2-12.
7.
Cox, D. R. , & Hinckley, D. V. (1974). Theoretical statistics. London: Chapman Hall.
8.
De Almeida, A. (1965). Bushmen and other non -Bantu peoples of Angola. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.
9.
Draper, P. (1976). Social and economic constraints on child life among the Kung. In R. B. Lee & I. De Vore (Eds.), Kalahari hunter-gatherers (pp. 199-217). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
10.
Guenther, M. G. (1976). From hunters to squatters: social and cultural change among the farm San of Ghanzi, Botswana. In R. B. Lee & I. De Vore (Eds.), Kalahari hunter-gatherers (pp. 120-134). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
11.
Hitchcock, R. K. , & Ebert, J. I. (1984). Foraging and food production among Kalahari hunter/gatherers. In J. D. Clark & S. A. Brandt (Eds.), From hunters to farmers (pp. 328-350). Berkeley: University of Califomia Press.
12.
Hurtado, A. M. , Hawkes, K., Hill, K., & Kaplan, H. (1985). Female subsistence strategies among Ache hunter-gatherers of Eastern Paraguay. Human Ecology13 (1), 1-28.
13.
Kohler, V. O. (1966). Tradition und Wandel bei den Kxoe-Buschmannern von Mutsiku. Sociologus, 16, 122-140.
14.
Konner, M. (1977). Infancy among the Kalahari desert San. In P. H. Leiderman, S. R. Tulkin, & A. Rosenfeld (Eds.), Variations in human experience (pp. 287-328). New York: Academic Press.
15.
Larson, T. J. (1980). The Humbukushu of Ngamiland: Ecology and settlement pattern of a riverine people. (University Microfilms No. 80-22, 687)
16.
Liddell, C. , & Kruger, P. (1987). Patterns of activity and social behavior in a South African township nursery: Some effects of crowding. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 33 (2), 206-228.
17.
Marks, S. (1972). Khoisan resistance to the Dutch in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Journal of African History, 13 (1), 55-80.
18.
Messe, E. , & Bloch, M. (1985). Women's and children's activity profiles: A comparison of time allocation and time allocation methods. Journal of Comparative Family Profiles, 16 (3), 329-343.
19.
Minturn, L. , & Lambert, W. W. (1964). Mothers of six cultures. New York: John Wiley.
20.
Marshall J. , & Ritchie, C. (1984). Where are the JulWasi of Nyae Nyae?Cape Town: University of Cape Town Press.
21.
Noailles, C. V. (1981). Los Bosquimanos. Buenos Aires: Emece Editores.
22.
Nurse, G. T. , & Jenkins, T. (1977). Serogenetic studies on the Kavango peoples of South West Africa. Annals of Human Biology, 4 (5), 465-478.
23.
Sbrzesny, H. (1976). Die Spiele der!Ko-Buschleute. Munich: R. Piper.
24.
Schrire, C. (1980). An inquiry into the evolutionary status and apparent identity of San hunter-gatherers. Human Ecology, 8 (1), 9-33.
25.
Seiner, F. (1910). Die Buschmanner des Okovango und Sambesigebietes der Nord-Kalahari. Globus97, 341-345, 357-360.
26.
Smith, P. K. , & Connolly, K. J. (1980). The ecology of preschool behavior. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
27.
Tobias, P. V. (1965). Preface. In A. De Almeida, Bushmen and other non-Bantu peoples of Angola (pp. v-viii). Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.
28.
Tobias, P. V. (1975). Fifteen years of study on the Kalahari Bushmen or San. South African Journal of Science, 71, 74-77.
29.
Traill, A. (1978). The languages of the Bushmen. In P. V. Tobias (Ed.), The Bushmen: San hunters and herders of Southern Africa (pp. 131-147). Cape Town: Human & Rousseau.
30.
Van der Post, L. , & Taylor, J. (1984). Testament to the Bushmen. Harmondsworth: Viking.
31.
Van Tonder, L. L. (1966). The Humbukushu of Okovangoland. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
32.
Weisner, T. S. , & Gallimore, R. (1977). My brother's keeper: Child and sibling caretaking. Current Anthropology, 18 (2), 169-190.
