This review examines trends in cross-cultural research during the 1969-1979 period relative to the 1949-1969 period. Shifts in theoretical as well as methodological emphases are detected, and possible reasons for these changes are explained. Special attention is given to work on cognition, perception, aesthetics, attitudes, and to extrapolations to the next ten years of research.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
ALTMAN, I. and M. M. CHEMERS (1980) "Cultural aspects of environment-behavior relationships," in H. C. Triandis and R. Brislin (eds.) Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology: Vol. 5, Social Psychology. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
2.
ANDERSON, N. H. (1965) "Averaging versus adding as stimulus combination rule in impression formation."J. of Experimental Psychology70: 394-400.
BERLYNE, D. E. (1971) Aesthetics and Psychobiology. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
5.
BERRY, J. W. (1980) "Psychology of social change," in H. C. Triandis and R. Brislin (eds.) Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology: Vol. 5, Social Psychology. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
6.
BERRY, J. W. (1976) Human Ecology and Cognitive Style: Comparative Studies in Cultural and Psychological Adaptation. New York: John Wiley.
7.
BERRY, J. W. and R. C. ANNIS (1974) "Ecology, culture and psychological differentiation."Int. J. of Psychology9: 173-193.
8.
BREWER, M. and D. T. CAMPBELL (1976) Ethnocentrism and Intergroup Attitudes. New York: John Wiley.
9.
BRISLIN, R. , W. LONNER, and R. M. THORNDIKE (1973) Cross-Cultural Research Methods. New York: John Wiley.
10.
BYRNE, D. (1971) The Attraction Paradigm. New York: Academic.
11.
CAMPBELL, D. T. (1960) "Blind variation and selective retention in creative thought as in other knowledge processes."Psych. Rev.67: 380-400.
12.
COLE, M. and S. SCRIBNER (1977) Culture and Thought. New York: John Wiley.
13.
DASEN, P. R. (1977) Piagetian Psychology: Cross-Cultural Contributions. New York: John Wiley.
14.
DAVIDSON, A. R. and E. THOMPSON (1980) "Cross-cultural studies of attitudes and beliefs," in H. L. Triandis and R. Brislin (eds.) Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 5, Social Psychology. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
15.
DAWSON, J.L.M. (1972) "Effects of sex hormones on cognitive style in rats and men."Behavior Genetics2: 21-42.
16.
DEREGOWSKI, J. B. (1980) "Perception," in H. C. Triandis and W. Lonner (eds.) Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology: Vol. 3, Basic Processes. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
17.
DRAGUNS, J. (1980) "Psychopathology," in H. C. Triandis and J. Draguns (eds.) Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology: Vol. 6, Psychopathology. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
18.
DRAGUNS, J. (1979) "Culture and personality: old field, new directions," in L. Eckensbergeret al. (eds.) Cross-Cultural Contribution to Psychology. Lisse, Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.
19.
ENTWISLE, D. R."To dispell fantasies about fantasy-based measures of achievement motivation."Psych. Bull.77: 377-391.
20.
FAUCHEAUX, C. (1976) "Cross-cultural research in experimental social psychology."European J. of Social Psychology6: 269-322.
21.
FISHBEIN, M. (1967) Readings in Attitude Theory and Measurement. New York: John Wiley.
22.
FLAVELL, J. H. and J. F. Wohlwill (1969) "Formal and functional aspects of cognitive development," pp. 67-120 in D. Elkind and J. H. Flavell (eds.) Studies in Cognitive Development. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.
23.
FOA, U. and E. FOA (1974) Societal Structures of the Mind. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.
24.
GERGEN, K. J. , S. MORSE, and M. GERGEN (1980) "Behavior exchanges in cross-cultural perspective," in H. C. Triandis and R. Brislin (eds.) Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology: Vol. 5, Social Psychology. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
25.
HALL, E. T. (1966) The Hidden Dimension. New York: Doubleday.
26.
HALL, E. T. (1959) The Silent Language. Greenwich, CT: Fawcett.
27.
HECKHAUSEN, H. (1968) "Achievement motive research: current problems and some contributions toward a general theory of motivation," pp. 103-174 in W. J. Arnold (ed.) Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Lincoln: Univ. of Nebraska Press.
28.
HEIDER, F. (1958) The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations. New York: John Wiley.
29.
HORNER, M. S. (1972) "Toward an understanding of achievement-related conflicts in women."J. of Social lssues28: 157-175.
30.
IRVINE, S. and W. K. CARROLL (1980) "Testing and assessment across cultures: issues in methodology and theory," in H. C. Triandis and J. Berry (eds.) Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology: Vol. 2, Methodology. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
31.
IZARD, C. E. (1980) "Cross-cultural perspectives on emotion and emotion communication," in H. C. Triandis and W. Lonner (eds.) Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology: Vol. 3, Basic Processes. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
32.
KELLY, G. (1955) The Psychology of Personal Constructs. New York: Norton.
33.
KLUCKHOHN, C. and H. A. MURRAY (1953) "Personality formation: the determinants," in C. Kluckhohnet al. (eds.) Personality in Nature, Society and Culture. New York: Knopf.
34.
KORNADT, H. J. , L. H. ECKENSBERGER, and W. B. EMMINGHAUSE (1980) "Motivation," in H. C. Triandis and W. Lonner (eds.) Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology: Vol. 3, Basic Processes. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
35.
L'ARMAND, K. and A. PEPITONE (1975) "Helping to reward another person: A cross-cultural analysis. J. of Personality and Social Psychology31: 189-198.
36.
LeVINE, R. A. and D. T. CAMPBELL (1972) Ethocentrism: Theories of Conflict, Ethnic Attitudes and Group Behavior. New York: John Wiley.
37.
LEVI-STRAUSS, C. (1966) The Savage Mind. London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson.
38.
LONNER, W. (1980) "The search for psychological universals," in H. C. Triandis and W. W. Lambert (eds.) Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology: Vol. 1, Perspectives. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
39.
MANN, L. (1980) "Cross-cultural studies of small groups," in H. C. Triandis and R. Brislin (eds.) Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology: Vol. 5, Social Psychology. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
40.
MAEHR, M. L. (1977) "Sociocultural origins of achievement motivation."Int. J. of Intercultural Relations1: 81-104.
41.
McCLELLAND, D. (1961) The Achieving Society. New York: Litton.
42.
OSGOOD, C. E. , W. MAY, and M. MIRON (1975) Cross-Cultural Universals of Affective Meaning. Urbana: Univ. of Illinois Press.
43.
PIAGET, J. (1966) "Nécessité et signification des récherches comparatives en psychologie génetique."Int. J. of Psychology1: 3-13.
44.
POLLACK, R. H. and S. D. SILVAR (1967) "Magnitude of Mueller-Lyer illusion as a function of the pigmentation of the fundus oculi."Psychonomic Sci.8: 83-84.
45.
ROGOFF, B. (1980) "Schooling and the development of cognitive skills," in H. C. Triandis and A. Heron (eds.) Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology: Vol. 4, Developmental Psychology. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
46.
ROSCH, E. (1977) "Human categorization," pp. 3-91 in N. Warren (ed.) Studies in Cross-Cultural Psychology. New York: Academic.
47.
ROSCH, E. (1975) "Universals and cultural specifics in human categorization," in R. W. Brislinet al. (eds.) Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Learning. New York: John Wiley.
48.
SEGALL, M. H. , D. T. CAMPBELL, and M. J. HERSKOVITS (1966) The Influence of Culture on Visual Perception. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.
49.
SUTTON-SMITH, B. and J. ROBERTS (1980) "Play, toys, games, and sports," in H. C. Triandis and A. Heron (eds.) Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology: Vol. 4, Developmental Psychology. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
50.
SZALAY, L. B. and J. DEESE (1978) Subjective Meaning and Culture: An Assessment Through Word Associations. New York: John Wiley.
51.
TANNENBAUM, A. S. (1980) "Organizational psychology," in H. C. Triandis and R. Brislin (eds.) Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology: Vol. 5, Social Psychology. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
52.
TRIANDIS, H. C. (1980) "Values, attitudes and interpersonal behavior," in Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Lincoln: Univ. of Nebraska Press.
53.
TRIANDIS, H. C. (1977) Interpersonal Behavior. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
54.
TRIANDIS, H. C. [ed.] (1976) Variations in Black and White Perceptions of the Social Environment. Champaign: Univ. of Illinois Press.
55.
TRIANDIS, H. C. (1975) Culture training, cognitive complexity, and interpersonal attitudes," pp. 39-77 in R. Brislinet al. (eds.) Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Learning. New York: Halsted Press (a Sage Publications book).
56.
TRIANDIS, H. C. (1967) "Towards an analysis of the components of interpersonal attitudes," pp. 227-270 in C. Sherif and M. Sherif (eds.) Attitudes, Ego Involvement and Change. New York: John Wiley.
57.
TRIANDIS, H. C. , E. F. DAVIS, and S. I. TAKEZAWA (1965) "Some determinants of social distance among American, German and Japanese students."J. of Personality and Social Psychology2: 540-551.
58.
TRIANDIS, H. C. , V. VASSILIOU, and M. NASSIAKOU (1968) "Three cross-cultural studies of subjective culture."J. of Personality and Social Psychology Monograph Supplement 8, 4: 1-42.
59.
TRIANDIS, H. C. , V. VASSILIOU, G. VASSILIOU, Y. TANAKA and A. SHANMUGAM (1972) The Analysis of Subjective Culture. New York: John Wiley.
60.
VEROFF, J. (1973) "Wie allgemein ist das Leistungsmotiv?” pp. 94-148 in W. Edelstein and D. Hopf (eds.) Bedingungen des Bildungsprozess. Stuttgart: Klett.
61.
WHITING, B. (1976) "The problem of the packaged variable," pp. 303-309 in K. F. Riegel and J. A. Meacham (eds.) The Developing Individual in a Changing World. Chicago: Aldine.
62.
WHITING, J.W.M. and B. B. WHITING (1975) Children of Six Cultures: A Psychocultural Analysis. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press.
63.
WHITKIN, H. A. and J. W. BERRY (1975) "Psychological differentiation in cross-cultural perspective."J. of Cross-Cultural Psychology6: 4-86.
64.
WITKIN, H. A. , D. PRICE-WILLIAMS, M. BERTINI, B. CHRISTIANSEN, P. K. OLTMAN, M. RAMIREZ, and J. Van MEEL (1974) "Social conformity and psychological differentiation."Int. J. of Psychology9: 11-29.
65.
WITKIN, H. A. , R. B. DYK, H. F. FATERSON, D. E. GOODENOUGH, and S. A. KARP (1962) Psychological Differentiation. New York: John Wiley.
66.
WOBER, M. (1974) "Towards an understanding of the Kiganda concept of intelligence," pp. 261-280 in J. W. Berry and P. R. Dasen (eds.) Culture and Cognition: Readings in Cross-Cultural Psychology. London: Metheun.
67.
ZAVALLONI, M. (1980) "Values, in H. C. Triandis and R. Brislin (eds.) Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology: Vol. 5, Social Psychology. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.