Hong Kong Chinese developmental results are presented to test cross-cultural developmental theories relating to changes in illusion susceptibility with age. The Muller-Lyer (M-L) and Sander-Parallelogram (S-P) illusion data confirm the expected decrease with age from 3-12 (Walter, 1942), and the later increase to age 21 due to exposure to a more sophisticated environment (Wapner and Werner, 1957). The data also supported Piaget and Morf's (1956) developmental hypotheses regarding contiguous and noncontiguous versions of the Horizontal-Vertical (H-V) illustions. The United States, Hong Kong, and Arunta cross-cultural comparisons also support the "carpentered world hypothesis," while H-V illusion susceptibility was also related to ecologically valid desert/urban differences in habits of perceptual inference. However, intersample differences in retinal pigmentation and the cross-sectional nature of the study may have influenced the results.
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