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Abstract

Two alternative hypotheses of the psychological impact of planned social change in the lowland Philippines were investigated. (1) Planned social change produces social reinforcement which leads to a more content population; or (2) it leads to a cycle of rising expectations which outstrip actual accomplishment, the result of which is dissatisfaction and hostility-especially among young people. Results in general favored the social reinforcement hypothesis. Efforts aimed at increasing a community's level of development tend to produce more modern value systems and increased general contentment. However, they also tend to produce a greater emphasis upon the local government to continue to meet the needs of people.

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Inflated Expectations and Social Reinforcement in the Lowland Philippines

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