1 The age of the two most useful overviews reveals the lack of recent studies in this area: Walter Laqueur, Young Germany. A History of the German Youth Movement (New York 1962); Peter D. Stachura, The German Youth Movement, 1900-1945. An Interpretative and Documentary History(London 1981).

2 E.g. Nicholas Stargardt, Witnesses of War. Children’s Lives under the Nazis (London 2005); Henry Metelmann, A Hitler Youth. Growing up in Germany in the 1930s (Staplehurst 2004); Irmgard Hunt, On Hitler’s Mountain: Overcoming the Legacy of a Nazi Childhood (New York 2005).

3 Until now the most comprehensive history has been that by H.W. Koch, The Hitler Youth. Origins and Development 1922-1945 (New York 1975). Of the countless other publications, a large number provide either a personal perspective, or a focused case study on specific groups or leaders.

4 Helmut Schelsky, Die skeptische Generation. Eine Soziologie der deutschen Jugend(Düsseldorf 1957).

5 This applies to numerous histories of the Federal Republic, such as the two-volume work by Dennis Bark and David Gress, A History of West Germany (2nd edn, Oxford 1993) and Anthony Nicholls, The Bonn Republic (London 1997).

6 Whilst there is a body of work that focuses on the international sphere of youth and Catholicism, comparable publications on Germany are limited to the German language, e.g. Martin Schwab, Kirchlich, kritisch, kämpferisch. Der Bund der Deutschen Katholischen Jugend (BDKJ) 1947-1989 (Würzburg 1994), and Gerold Schmitz, Die katholische Jugendbewegung: Von den Anfängen bis zu den Neuaufbrüchen (Stein am Rhein, Switzerland 1997).

7 This anti-totalitarian approach can be seen particularly in the works of a number of British historians, e.g. Mary Fulbrook, Anatomy of a Dictatorship. Inside the GDR 1949-1989 (Oxford 1995); Mark Allinson, Politics and Popular Opinion in East Germany, 1945-1968 (Manchester 2000); Corey Ross, Constructing Socialism at the Grass-roots. The Transformation of East Germany, 1945-65 (Basingstoke 2000).

8 Armin Mitter and Stefan Wolle, Untergang auf Raten. Unbekannte Kapitel der DDRGeschichte (Munich 1993).

9 For an overview of generational conflict in German history, see Mark Roseman (ed.), Generations in Conflict. Youth Revolt and Generation Formation in Germany, 1770-1968(Cambridge 1995). 10 One other fascinating study which examines the use of myths and symbolism in the FDJ is Alan Nothnagle, Building the East German Myth. Historical Mythology and Youth Propaganda in the German Democratic Republic, 1945-1989 (Ann Arbor, MI 1999).

Book Review:‘Who has the Youth,has the Future’: Three Youth Movements in Twentieth-century Germany

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