The objective of this article was to identify the political values of Lebanese Maronite college students. The data come from a nationwide survey that covered the entire university system in Lebanon during winter 1988. The examination focused on five exploratory variables related to the pursuit of long-term career opportunities, distinct group consciousness, intergroup relations, nationalistic tendencies, and democratic orientation. The findings point to overwhelming preference for pursuit of work and residence outside Lebanon, positive intragroup solidarity and cohesion, and strong attachment to Maronite leaders and political symbols along with a feeling of distinction from all other Lebanese groups. Respondents manifested negative attitudes toward most Lebanese religious groups, particularly the Muslim. Most expressed a strong sense of Lebanese nationalism and were eager to identify themselves with the Phoenician and Greco-Roman heritage. Finally, the responses yielded low marks for the democraticness scale.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Abraham, P. 1931. The Maronites of Lebanon: The staunch Catholics of the Middle East. Wheeling, WV: Author.
2.
Abu Khater, H. 1977. Min Wahy Tarikh Almawarinah. Beirut: Author.
3.
A'kl, F. S. 1976. Fi Qalb Almaasa. Beirut: Aql Press.
4.
Al-Bustani, F. A. 1982. Mawakif Lubnaniyya Fi Alahdath Wa Almuhdithin. Beirut: Aldaeira.
5.
Allport, G. W. 1954. The nature of prejudice. Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley.
6.
Atiya, A. S. 1968. History of Eastern Christianity. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.
7.
Barakat, H. 1977. Lebanon in strife. Austin: University of Texas Press.
8.
Bass, B. M. 1960. Leadership, psychology, and organizational behavior. New York: Harper.
9.
Beyham, M. J. 1977. Alniza'at Alsiyasiyah Fi Lubnan. Beirut: Beirut Arab University Press.
10.
Cartwright, D. 1968. The nature of group cohesiveness. In Group dynamics, edited by D. Cartwright and A. Zander, 91-108. New York: Harper & Row.
11.
Charaf, G.1980. The national accord pact or compromise. Haliyyat17:217-217.
12.
Dau, B. 1984. History of the Maronites: Religious, cultural and political. Beirut: Author.
13.
Dibs, Y. 1905. Aljami' Almufassal fi Tarikh Almawarinah Almuassal. Beirut: Lahd Khater House.
14.
Deeb, M. 1980. The Lebanese civil war. New York: Praeger.
15.
Edmonds, M. 1972. Civil war, internal war, and intrasocial conflict. In Civil wars in the twentieth century, edited by R. Higham, 11-26. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky.
16.
Fahd, B. 1980. Hawla Kitab Alhuda Wa Tarikh Al Taiefa Almaruniya. Junieh, Lebanon: Almursalin Al-lubnaniyyin Press.
17.
Ghossein, A.1982. Geography in the study of the Lebanese structure and crisis. Haliyyat25:23-45.
18.
Gilmour, D. 1983. Lebanon: The fractured country. Oxford: Robertson.
19.
Hill, J. E. , and A. Kurber. 1967. Models, methods, and analytical procedures in education research. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press.
20.
Hourani, A. 1962. Arabic thought in the liberal age. London: Oxford University Press.
Khalaf, T. 1976. The Phalange and the Maronite community: From Lebanonism to Maronitism. In Essays on the crisis in Lebanon, edited by R. Owen, 43-57. London: Ithaca Press.
23.
Kliot, N. 1986. The territorial disintegration of a state: The case of Lebanon. Durham, England: University of Durham Press.
24.
Kriedieh, L. 1988. Political socialization in Lebanon. Master's thesis, American University of Beirut.
25.
Mallat, R. A.1983. Lebanon, political dilemma: A plausible solution. Haliyyat33:33-60.
26.
Meo, L. M. 1965. Lebanon: Improbable nation. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
27.
Moosa, M. 1986. The Maronites in history. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
28.
Murani, H. 1981. Alwujdan Altarikhi Almaruni baina Alkadim wa Aljadid. Beirut: Author.
29.
Na'man, B.1985. The Maronite way of life: Constants and variables of living. Haliyyat39:11-28.
30.
Prince, M.1979. Working paper for Lebanese dialogue. Haliyyat2:221-229.
31.
Pye, L. W. 1965. Introduction: Political culture and political development. In Political culture and political development, edited by L. W. Pye and Sidney Verba, 3-26. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
32.
Raad, G.1981. Toward a theory of communal conflict in multi-ethnic states: The case of Lebanon. Haliyyat22:255-282.
33.
Randal, J. C. 1983. Going all the way: Christian warlords, Israeli adventurers, and the war in Lebanon. New York: Viking.
34.
Said, E. W. 1986. After the last sky: Palestinian lives. New York: Pantheon.
35.
Salem, P. E.1984. The consociational political system: What does it mean for Lebanon. Haliyyat35:21-48.
36.
Salibi, K. S. 1977. Syria under Islam: Empire on trial, 634-1097. Delmar, NY: Caravan Books.
37.
Salibi, K. S. 1979. The origins of Lebanon's history: 634-1517. Beirut & New York: Caravan Books.
38.
Salibi, K. S. 1988. A House of many mansions. London: Tauris.
39.
Sarieddine, R. , ed. 1985. Wathaieq Alharb Al-lubnaniyya. Beirut: Arab Research and Documentation Center.
40.
Shaker, F. E. 1976. Fire over Lebanon: Country in crisis. Hicksville, NY: Exposition Press.
41.
Weller, L. 1974. Sociology in Israel. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
42.
Williams, R. M. 1953. The reduction of intergroup tensions. New York: Social Science Research Council.
43.
Williams, R. M. 1966. Ethnocentrism. In Racial and ethnic relations, edited by B. E. Segal, 44-53. Binghamton, NY: Crowell.
