A multistrategy approach in cross-cultural research was used to refine 24 of Collins's (1974) locus of control items for use among mainstream and Hispanic subjects. Use of informants in the selection of items, a multidimensional scaling method, factor analysis, and a nomological validation were performed. The Collins Difficult-Easy World factor was the only item cluster that was clearly cross-culturally equivalent. The mainstream subjects and the Hispanics were not different on this factor. Two other item clusters may be cross-culturally equivalent (they passed one test but failed the other). Finally, the Politically Responsive-Unresponsive World cluster of items was found to be cross-culturally nonequivalent.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Alvarez, C. M. , & Pader, O. F.Locus of control among Anglo-Americans and Cuban-Americans. Journal of Social Psychology, 1978, 105, 195-198.
2.
Berry, J. W.Introduction to methodology. In H. C. Triandis & J. W. Berry (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology (Vol. 2). Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 1980.
3.
BMDP. Health Sciences Computing Facility, University of California, Los Angeles, 1977.
4.
Budner, S.Intolerance of ambiguity as a personality variable . Journal of Personality, 1962, 30, 29-50.
5.
Carroll, J. D. , & Chang, J.Analysis of individual differences in multidimensional scaling via an N-way generalization of "Eckart-Young" decomposition. Psychometrika, 1970, 35, 283-319.
6.
Carroll, J. D. , & Wish, M.Models and methods for three-way multidimensional scaling. In D. H. Krantz, R. C. Atkinson, R. D. Luce, & P. Suppes (Eds.), Measurement, psychophysics, and neural information processing (Vol. 2). San Francisco: Freeman, 1974.
7.
Castro, J. G. A Guttman facet designed multidimensional attitude-behavior scale analysis of internal-external locus of Mexican American and Mexican nationals (Doctoral Dissertation, Michigan State University, 1975). Dissertation Abstracts International, 1976, 36(12-A), 7862-7863.
8.
Cole, D. , & Cole, S.Locus and cultural conformity: On going against the norm. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1974, 1, 351-353.
9.
Cole, D. , & Cole, S.Counter normative behavior and locus of control. Journal of Social Psychology, 1977, 101, 21-28.
10.
Cole, D. , Rodriguez, J., & Cole, S.Locus of control in Mexicans and Chicanos: The case of the missing fatalist. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1978, 46, 1323-1329.
11.
Collins, B. E.Four components of the Rotter internal-external scale: Belief in a difficult world, a just world, a predictable world, a politically responsive world . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1974, 29, 381-391.
12.
Cronbach, L. J. , & Meehl, P. E.Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin, 1955, 52, 281-302.
13.
Davis, J. H. , Wrigley, C. F., & Castelein, J.Factor analysis of social attitudes: A preliminary comparison of American and English results. Paper presented at the Midwestern Psychological Association meeting, 1960.
14.
Garza, R. T.Personal control and fatalism in Chicanos and Anglos: Conceptual and methodological issues. In J. L. Martinez, Jr. (Ed.), Chicano psychology. New York: Academic, 1977.
15.
Garza, R. T. , & Ames, R. E.A comparison of Anglo- and Mexican-American college students on locus of control. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1974, 42, 919.
16.
Hui, C. H.Locus of control: A review of cross-cultural research . International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 1982, 6. 301-323. (a)
17.
Hui, C. H.Measurement in cross-cultural psychology: A review and comparison of strategies for empirical research. Unpublished manuscript, University of Illinois, 1982. (b)
18.
Humphreys, L. G. & Montanelli, R. G.An investigation of the parallel analysis criterion for determining the number of common factors. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 1975, 10, 193-205.
19.
Inkeles, A. , & Smith, D. H.Becoming modern. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1974.
20.
Ironson, G. H. , & Subkoviak, M. J.A comparison of several methods of assessing item bias. Journal of Educational Measurement, 1979, 16, 209-225.
21.
Irvine, S. H. , & Carroll, W. K.Testing and assessment across cultures: issues in methodology and theory. In H. C. Triandis & J. W. Berry (Eds.), Handbook of cross-cultural psychology: Methodology (Vol. 2). Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 1980.
22.
Jessor, R. , Graves, T. D., Hanson, R. C., & Jessor, S. L.Society, personality, and deviant behavior. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1968.
23.
Kagan, S.Preference for control in rural Mexican and urban Anglo-American children . Revista Interamericano de Psicologia, 1976, 10, 51-59.
24.
Korth, B. , & Tucker, L. R.The distribution of chance congruence coefficients from simulated data. Psychometrika, 1975, 40, 361-372.
25.
Pehazur, L. , & Wheeler, L.Locus of perceived control and need achievement. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1971, 33, 1281-1282.
26.
Piersma, H. L. The relationship between locus of control and religiosity (Doctoral dissertation, Purdue University, 1974). Dissertation Abstracts International, 1974, 35(6-B), 3031.
27.
Poortinga, Y. H.Cross-cultural comparison of maximum performance tests: Some methodological aspects and some experiments with simple auditory and visual stimuli . Psychologia Africana Monograph Supplement, 1971, 6.
28.
Poortinga, Y. H.Some implications of three different approaches to intercultural comparison. In J. W. Berry & W. J. Lonner (Eds.), Applied cross-cultural psychology. Amsterdam: Swets & Zeitlinger, 1975.
29.
Pruzansky, S.How to use SINDSCAL: A computer program for individual differences in multidimensional scaling. Murray Hill, NJ: Bell Telephone Laboratories, 1975.
30.
Randall, T. M. , & Desrosiers, M.Measurement of supernatural belief: Sex differences and locus of control. Journal of Personality Assessment, 1980, 44, 493-498.
31.
Shepard, R. N.A taxonomy of some principal types of data and of multi-dimensional methods for their analysis. In R. N. Shepard, A. K. Romney, & S. Norlove (Eds.), Multidimensional scaling: Theory and application in the behavioral sciences (Vol. 1): Theory. New York: Seminar, 1972.
32.
Triandis, H. C.Ottati, V. , & Marin, G.Achievement motivation of Hispanic and mainstream navy recruits (Technical Report 5, Department of Psychology). Unpublished manuscript, University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign, 1982.
33.
Tucker, L. R.A method of synthesis of factor analytic studies (Personnel Research Section Report 984). Washington, DC: Department of the Army, 1951.
34.
Wish, M. , Deutsch, M., & Kaplan, S. J.Perceived dimensions of interpersonal relations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1976, 33, 409-420.
