A simple three-dimensional approach is presented for predicting bearing stress at failure onset in a composite bolted joint. The approach allows explicitly for the load carried as a result of friction between the washers and the laminate. Failure criteria are developed for different failure modes as functions of bolt clamp-up and then the predictions of the model are compared with experimental data. A parametric study shows the effects on joint per formance of the coefficient of friction between the washers and the laminate, washer size and the properties of the laps in the joint.
Waszczak, J.P. and T.A. Cruse."Failure Mode and Strength Predictions of Anisotropic Bolt-Beanng Specimens,"J. Comp. Mater. , 5:421-425 (1971)
2.
Oplinger, D.W."On the Structural Behaviour of Mechanically Fastened Joints in Composite Structures,"Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Fibrous Composites in Structural Design, San Diego, USA, pp. 575-602 (November 14-17, 1978).
3.
De Jong, T."Stresses Round Pin-Loaded Holes in Elastically Orthotropic or Isotropic Plates,"J. Comp. Mater., ll:313-331 (1977).
4.
Crews, J.H., C.S. Hong and I.S. Raju."Stress Concentration Factors for Finite Orthotropic Laminates with a Pin-Loaded Hole,"NASA Technical Paper 1862 ( 1981).
5.
Wilson, D.W. and R.B. Pipes.'Analysis of the Shear-Out Failure Mode in Composite Bolted Joints,"Proc. 1st Int. Conf. on Composite Structures , Paisley, Scotland, pp. 34-49 (September 1981).
6.
Soni, S.R."Failure Analysis of Composite Laminates with Fastener Hole,"in Joining of Composite Materials, (ed K. T. Kedward), ASTM STP 749, pp. 145-164 (1981).
7.
Wong, C.M.S. and F.L. Matthews."A Finite Element Analysis of Single and Two Hole Bolted Joints in Fibre Remfroced Plastic,"J. Comp. Mater., 15.481-491 (1981).
8.
Rowlands, R.E. , M.U. Rahman, T.L. Wilkinson and Y.I. Chiang."Single and Multiple Bolted Joints in Orthotropic Materials,"Composites , 13.273-279 (1982).
9.
Chang, F-K., R.A. Scott and G.S. Springer."Strength of Mechanically Fastened Composite Joints,"J. Comp. Mater., 16.470-494 (1982).
10.
Hyer, M.W. and E.C. Klang."Stresses in Pin-Loaded Orthotropic Plates,"Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Center for Composite Materials and Structures , Report No. CCMS-84-02 (VPI-E-84-14) (1984).
11.
Crews, J.H. and R.V.A. Naik."Failure Analysis of a Graphite/Epoxy Laminate Subjected to Bolt-Bearing Loads, NASA Technical Memorandum 86297 (1984).
12.
Stockdale, J.H. and Matthews, F.L."The Effect of Clamping Pressure on Bolt-Bearing Loads in Glass Fibre-Reinforced Plastics,"Composites , 7:34-38 (1976)
13.
Crews, J.H."Bolt-Bearing Fatigue of a Graphite/Epoxy Laminate,"in. Joining of Composite Materials (ed. K. T. Kedward), ASTM STP 749, pp. 131-144 (1981).
14.
Chang, F-K. , R.A. Scott and G.S. Springer."Design of Composite Laminates Containing Pin-Loaded Holes,"J. Comp. Mater. , 18:279-289 (1984).
15.
Collings, T.A."On the Beanng Strengths of CFRP Laminates,"Composites, 13:241-252 (1982).
16.
Collings, T.A. and M.B. Beauchamp."Bearing Deflection of a Loaded Hole in CFRP,"Composites, 14:33-38 (1984).
17.
Matthews, F.L. , C.M. Wong and S. Chryssafitis."A Finite Element Analysis of Single and Two-Hole Bolted Joints in Fibre-Reinforced Plastic,"Composites, 13:316-322 (1982).
18.
Bickley, W.G."The Distribution of Stress Round a Circular Hole in a Plate,"Phil. Trans. Royal Soc.London, Series A227, pp. 383-415 (1928).
19.
Collings, T.A."The Strength of Bolted Joints in Multi-Directional CFRP Laminates,"Aeronautical Research Council, Current Paper 1380 (1977).
20.
Stewart, W.C.Metals Engineering Design, ASME Handbook, Second Edition, p. 331 ( 1965).
21.
Smith, P.A. and K.J. Pascoe."Behaviour of Bolted Joints in (0/90)ns Laminates,"Cambridge University Engineering Department Technical Report, CUED/C/Mats/TR.121 (1985).
22.
Jaeger, J.C. and N.G. W Cook."Fundamentals of Rock Mechanics,"Chapman and Hall Ltd. and Science Paperbacks (1971).
23.
Shivakumar, K.N. and J.H. Crews."Bolt Clampup Relaxation in a Graphite/Epoxy Laminate,"in Long-Term Behaviour of Composites , T K O'Brien, ed. ASTM STP 813, pp. 5-22 (1983).
24.
Godwin, E.W. , F.L. Matthews and P.F. Kilty."Strength of Multi-Bolt Joints in GRP,"Composites , 13268-272 (1982)
25.
Hart-Smith, L.J."Mechanically Fastened Joints for Advanced Composites—Phenomenological Considerations and Simple Analyses," Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Fibrous Composites in Structural Design, San Diego, USA, pp. 543-575 (November 14-17, 1978).
