Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

A linear elastic, orthotropic, plane stress finite element approximation, using laminate mechanical properties found from mechanical testing and the application of laminate plate theory, has been generated for a 0/90 pin-loaded laminate. In-plane, front surface, dis placement field contours and rear surface "pointwise" strain values have been experimen tally determined using conventional moire and strain gage techniques. Location of the locus of maximum experimental shear strain above the pin compare well with linear finite element predictions while shear strain comparisons along this locus appear to differ due to the nonlinear effects of shear softening and material failure. Shear softening effects were explored through a nonlinear elastic, orthotropic, plane stress finite element approxima tion that utilized measurements on the nonlinear in-plane shear response of the laminate to upgrade its assumed constituative equations. Finite element results were post processed to reflect experimental conditions and computer generated moire fringes were developed. Application of a two dimensional version of Hoffman's failure criterion to the linear elastic finite element approximation was undertaken in an initial attempt to investigate failure characteristics.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Oplinger, D.W. Fibrous Composites in Structural Design, J J Burke, D W Oplinger and E. M. Lenoe, eds. New York:Plenum Press, pp. 575-602 (1980).

Chang, F. , R.A. Scott and G.S. Springer.

"Failure of Composite Laminates Containing Pin Loaded Holes-Method of Solution,"

Journal of Composite Materials , 18 255-278

Chang, F. , R.A. Scott and G.S. Springer.

"Failure Strength of Nonlinear Elastic Composite Laminates Containing a Pin Loaded Hole,"

Journal of Composite Materials , 18:464-477 (1984)

. Oplinger, D.W. , C.E. Freese and K.R. Gandhi.

"Experimental and Analytical Evaluation of Nonlinear Mechanical Response in Notched Laminates,"

IX Annual Composites Review, Dayton, OH (October 24, 1983).

Oplinger, D.W. , B.S. Parker and A.H. Katz. "Moire Measurements of Strains and Deformations in Pin-Loaded Composite Plates," Presented at the SESA 1979 Spring Meeting, San Francisco, CA (May 1979).

Oplinger, D.W.

"Applications of Moire Methods to Evaluations of Structural Performances of Composite Materials,"

Optical Engineering, 21(4) (July/August, 1982).

Prabhakaran, R.

"Photoelastic Investigation of Bolted Joints in Composites,"

Composites (July 1982).

Rowlands, R.E. , M.U. Rahman , T.L. Wilkinson and Y.I. Chiang

"Single and Multiple Joints in Orthotropic Materials,"

Composites , 13:273-279 (1982).

Hyer, M.W. and D. Liu.

"Stresses in Pin-Loaded Connectors Using Photoelasticity,"

Experimental Mechanics, 24(1) (1984)

10.

Cloud, G. , P. Herrera , E. Mahajerin and S. Sikarski. "Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of Mechanically Fastened Composites," Contract #DAAE07-82-K-4002, U.S Army Tank Automotive Command, Research and Development Center, Warren Michigan .

11.

Serabian, S.M. "Experimental Verification of Bolted Joint Methodologies," Proceedings of the Army Symposium on Sohd Mechanics-Advances m Solid Mechanics for Design and Analysis , Newport, R.I., pp. 369-373 (October 1984).

12.

Serabian, S.M. "Comparisons of Finite Element Predictions and Experimental Results for 0/90 Pin-Loaded Laminates," Masters Thesis, University of Lowell, Lowell, MA (Fall 1985).

13.

Chiang, F.P. , B.S. Parker , D.W. Oplinger and J.M. Slepetz.

"Theory and Technology of Moire Methods,"

AMMRC Technical Publication # SP-80-4 (April 1980).

14.

Oplinger, D.W. , B.S. Parker and K.R. Gandhi.

"Studies of Tension Test Specimens for Composite Materials,"

AMMRC Technical Publication # TR-82-87 (April 1982)

15.

Oplinger, D.W. , B.S. Parker , G. Foley , R. Lamothe and K.R. Ganhdi. "Comparisons of Tension Test Specimen Designs for Static and Fatigue Testing of Composite Materials," International ASTM/Japan Meeting on Composites, NASA-Langley (June 1983).

16.

Slepetz, J.M. , T.F. Nagaeski and R.F. Novello.

"In-Plane Shear Test for Composite Materials,"

AMMRC Technical Publication # TR-78-30 (July 1978).

17.

Freese, C.E. Orthotropic Finite Element Analysis (ORFE , Version III, Developed at AMMRC, Watertown, MA (1978).

18.

Freese, C.E. and E.M. Lenoe. "Stress Concentration Factors for Flawed Finite Homogeneous Orthotropic Plates," Proceedings of the Conference on Fibrous Composites m Flight Vehicle Design, Dayton, OH, Developed at AMMRC, Watertown, MA, pp. 715-736 (September 26-28).

19.

Leknitskii, S.G. Anisotropic Plates, as translated by S. W. Tsai and T. Cheron, New York: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers (1968).

20.

Oplinger, D.W. and K.R. Gandhi. "Stresses in Mechanically Fastened Orthotropic Plates," Proceedings of the Second Conference on Fibrous Composites in Flight Vehicle Design, Dayton, OH, May 21-24, 1974, AFFDL, Report # AFFDL-TR-74-103, pp. 811-884 (AD-B000135L) (September 1974)

21.

Tsai, S.W. and H.T. Hahn. Introduction to Composite Materials, Lancaster, PA:Technomic Publishing Company, pp. 115-164 (1980).

22.

Chang, K.F. and K.Y. Chang.

"A Progressive Damage Model for Laminated Composites Containing Stress Concentrations,"

J of Composite Materials (submitted).

23.

Chang, K.F. and K.F. Chang.

"Post Failure Analysis of Bolted Composite Joints in Tension or Shear-Out Mode Failure,"

J. of Composite Materials (submitted).

An Experimental and Finite Element Investigation Into the Mechanical Response of 0/90 Pin-Loaded Laminates

Abstract

Get full access to this article

References