Overall stiffnesses and compliances, thermal expansion coefficients, and stress and strain averages are evaluated for a fibrous composite lamina which contains a given density of open transverse cracks and is subjected to uniform mechanical loads and thermal changes. The evaluation procedure is based on the self-consistent method and is similar, in principle, to that used in finding elastic constants of unidirectional com posites.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Aveston, J. and Kelly, A., "Theory of Multiple Fracture in Fibrous Composites,"J. Materials Science, Vol. 8, p. 352 (1973).
2.
Hahn, H.T. and Tsai, S.W., "On the Behavior of Composite Laminates After Initial Failures,"J. Composite Materials, p. 228 (1974).
3.
Bailey, J.E. , Curtis, P.T. and Parvizi, A., "On the Transverse Cracking and Longitudinal Splitting Behavior of Glass and Carbon Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Cross Ply Laminates and the Effect of Poisson and Thermally Generated Strain,"Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A., Vol. 366, p. 599 (1979).
4.
Wang, S.D. and Crossman, F.W., "Initiation and Growth of Transverse Cracks and Edge Delamination in Composite Laminates. Part 1. An Energy Method,"J. of Composite Materials, Vol. 14, p. 71 (1980 ).
5.
Dvorak, G.J. and Johnson, W.S., "Fatigue of Metal Matrix Composites,"International Journal of Fracture, Vol. 16, 6, p. 585 (1980).
6.
Hwang, D.G., "The Proof Testing and Fatigue Behavior of Gr/Ep Laminates," D.Sc. DissertationWashington University, St. Louis, Mo (August 1982).
7.
Crossman, F.W. , Warren, W.J., Wang , A.S.D. and Law, G.E. Jr., "Initiation and Growth of Transverse Cracks and Edge Delamination in Composite Laminates, Part 2. Experimental Correlation,"J. Composite Materials , Vol. 14, p. 88 (1980).
8.
Laws, N., Dvorak, G.J. and Hejazi, M., "Stiffness Changes in Unidirectional Composites Caused by Crack Systems,"Mechanics of Materials, Vol. 2, p. 123 (1983).
9.
Cook, T.S. and Erdogan, F., "Stresses in Bonded Materials with a Crack Perpendicular to the Interface,"Int. J. Engineering Science, Vol. 10, p. 677 (1972).
10.
Gottesman, T., Hashin, Z. and Brull, M.A., "Effective Elastic Moduli of Cracked Fiber Composites." In Advances in Composite Materials, ed. A. R. Bunsell, et al., Pergamon Press, Oxford , pp. 749-758.
11.
Laws, N., "A Note on Interaction Energies Associated with Cracks in Anisotropic Solids,"Phil. Mag., Vol. 36, p. 367 (1977 ).
12.
Laws, N., "On the Thermostatics of Composite Materials,"J. Mech. Phys. Solids, Vol. 21, p. 9 (1973).
13.
Horii, H. and Nemat-Nasser, S. , "Overall Moduli of Solids with Microcracks: Load Induced Anisotropy,"J. Mech. Phys. Solids , Vol. 31, p. 155 (1983).
14.
Hill, R., "Theory of Mechanical Properties of Fibre-Strengthened Materials III. Self-Consistent Model,"J. Mech. Phys. Solids , Vol. 13, p. 189 (1965).
