Abstract

Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.American Civil Liberties Union [ACLU] . (2024 , July 19 ). Trump promises to militarize police, reincarcerate thousands, and expand death penalty . https://www.aclu.org/news/criminal-law-reform/trump-promises-to-militarize-police-reincarcerate-thousands-and-expand-death-penalty
2.
Alexander
M.
(2012 ). The new Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness . The New Press .
3.
Allyn
B.
(2025 , January 9 ). Meta agrees to pay Trump $25 million . National Public Radio . https://www.npr.org/2025/01/29/nx-s1-5279570/meta-trump-settlement-facebook-instagram-suspensions
4.
Altman
A.
(2020 , June 4 ). Why the killing of George Floyd sparked an American uprising . Time .
5.
Eligon
J.
(2014 , August 25 ). A teenager grappling with problems and promise . New York Times .
6.
Folkenflik
D.
(2021 , March 10 ). How media coverage of the George Floyd story plays into his accused killer’s trial . National Public Radio .
7.
Folkenflik
D.
(2025 , February 6 ). Why CBS stands at the epicenter of Trump’s assault on the media . National Public Radio . https://www.npr.org/2025/02/06/nx-s1-5288181/why-cbs-stands-at-the-epicenter-of-trumps-assault-on-the-media
8.
Forde
K. R.
Bedingfield
S.
(2021 ). Journalism and Jim Crow: White supremacy and the Black struggle for a new America . University of Illinois Press .
9.
Franklin
S.
(2021 ). The digitally disposed: Racial capitalism and the informatics of value . University of Minneapolis Press .
10.
11.
Harmon
A.
Tavernise
S.
(2020 , June 12 ). One big difference about George Floyd protests: Many white faces . New York Times .
12.
Hollar
J.
(2020 , June 11 ). Media acknowledge drive to defund police—but seek to blunt its radical edge . Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting .
13.
D.
Jenkins
J
Leroy
. (Eds.). (2021 ). Histories of racial capitalism . Columbia University Press .
14.
Johnson
W.
(2020 ). The broken heart of America: St. Louis and the violent history of the United States . Basic Books .
15.
Kelley
R. D. G.
(2019 ). From the river to the sea to every mountain top . Journal of Palestine Studies , 48 (4 ), 69 –91 .
16.
Khouri
R. G.
(2024 , May 6 ). Watching the watchdogs: How US media weaponized campus protests coverage . Al Jazeera . https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2024/5/6/watching-the-watchdogs-how-us-media-messed-up-campus-protests-coverage
17.
Klein
N.
(2023 ). Doppelganger: A trip into the mirror world . Farrar, Straus and Giroux .
18.
Kumanyika
C.
Noble
D.
(2024 ). Lessons from decades of Black and Palestinian organizing . Hammer and Hope . https://hammerandhope.org/article/black-palestine-solidarity
19.
Lewis
K.
(2023 ). Colonising the narrative space: Unliveable lives, unseeable struggles and the necropolitical governance of digital populations . Information, Communication & Society , 26 (12 ), 2398 –2418 .
20.
Lowery
W.
(2020 , June 23 ). A reckoning over objectivity, led by Black journalists . New York Times .
21.
Manthey
G.
Esposito
F.
Hernandez
A.
(2022 , October 16 ). Despite “defunding” claims, police funding has increased in many US cities . ABC News .
22.
Mbembe
A.
(2019 ). Necropolitics . Duke University Press .
23.
Mislán
C.
Dache-Gerbino
A.
(2018 a). Not a Twitter revolution: Anti-neoliberal and antiracist resistance in the Ferguson movement . International Journal of Communication , 12 , 2622 –2640 .
24.
Mislán
C.
Dache-Gerbino
A.
(2018 b). The struggle for ‘our streets’: The digital and physical spatial politics of the Ferguson movement . Social Movement Studies , 10 (6 ), 676 –696 .
25.
Mislán
C.
Shaban
S.
(2019 ). To Ferguson, love Palestine: Mediating life under occupation . Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies , 16 (1 ), 43 –60 .
26.
Mourão
R. R.
Brown
D. K.
Sylvie
G.
(2018 ). Framing Ferguson: The interplay of advocacy and journalistic frames in local and national newspaper coverage of Michael Brown . Journalism , 22 (2 ), 320 –340 .
27.Movement for Black Lives. (2021 , December 23 ). Defund the police and reimagine public safety . https://m4bl.medium.com/defund-the-police-and-reimagine-public-safety-49a46aa20c15
28.
Murgia
M.
(2024 ). Code dependent: Living in the shadow of AI . Henry Holt and Co .
29.
Noble
S. U.
(2018 ). Algorithms of oppression: How search engines reinforce racism . New York University Press .
30.
Peters
J.
(2025 , March 01 ). It’s clearer than ever what Jeff Bezos wants with the Washington Post . Slate .
31.Race Forward . (2014 ). Moving the race conversation forward . https://act.colorlines.com/acton/attachment/1069/f-012e/1/-/-/-/-/Moving_Race_Conversation_Forward_Ferguson.pdf
32.
Rao
S.
(2017 , December 8 ). How Alexandra Bell turns biased media coverage into anti-racist art . Colorlines .
33.
Robertson
K.
(2024 , October 23 ). L.A. Times editorial chief quits after owner blocks Harris endorsement . New York Times .
34.
Selby
J.
(2014 , November 5 ). CNN’s Don Lemon causes outrage from Ferguson . The Independent . https://www.the-independent.com/news/people/don-lemon-causes-further-outrage-reporting-live-from-ferguson-obviously-there-s-a-smell-of-marijuana-here-9882546.html
35.
Shapiro
J.
(2014 , August 25 ). In Ferguson, court fines and fees fuel anger . Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting .
36.
Taylor
A.
(2014 , November 25 ). Violent protests in Ferguson, Missouri . The Atlantic .
37.
Taylor
K. Y.
(2016 ). From #BlackLivesMatter to Black liberation . Haymarket Books .
38.
Towns
A. R.
(2022 ). On Black media philosophy . University of California Press .
39.
Vale
P.
Wagland
E.
(2014 , November 25 ). Ferguson, Missouri is a smoldering warzone after night of violence, looting and destruction . HuffPost .
40.
Yasin
H.
(2023 , November 14 ). Criminalization of first amendment-protected pro-Palestinian speech is spreading . Truthout . https://truthout.org/articles/criminalization-of-first-amendment-protected-pro-palestinian-speech-is-spreading/
