Effects of incorporation of polyester on the electrical resistivity of polycarbonate/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite

Abstract

In this work, we present the effect of incorporation of polyester on the electrical properties of injection-molded polycarbonate/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites. The study was conducted by melt-mixing polycarbonate, multi-walled carbon nanotube, and three types of polyesters: polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, and liquid crystal polymer. It was found that the volume resistivities of injection-molded composites containing 2 phr polyester significantly decreased because of the transesterification reaction between the polycarbonate and polyester. The resulting polycarbonate-polyester random block copolymer kept the conductive networks intact because of the preferential affinity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with polyester. This study showed that incorporating polyester with polycarbonate–multi-walled carbon nanotube increases the electrical conductivity of injection-molded polycarbonate/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites to a great extent.

Keywords

Carbon nanotube high-speed polymer processing polycarbonate polyester

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Bauhofer

Kovacs

. A review and analysis of electrical percolation in carbon nanotube polymer composites. Compos Sci Technol 2009; 69: 1486–1498.

Pötschke

Abdel-Goad

Alig

et al.

Rheological and dielectrical characterization of melt mixed polycarbonate-multiwalled carbon nanotube composites. Polymer 2004; 45: 8863–8870.

Subramoney

. Novel nanocarbons—structure, properties, and potential applications. Adv Mater 1998; 10: 1157–1171.

Salvetat

J-P

Briggs

GAD

Bonard

J-M

et al.

Elastic and shear moduli of single-walled carbon nanotube ropes. Phys Rev Lett 1999; 82: 944.

Zhang

Zeng

et al.

Fractal approach to the critical filler volume fraction of an electrically conductive polymer composite. J Mat Sci 1995; 30: 4226–4232.

Tiusanen

Vlasveld

Vuorinen

. Review on the effects of injection moulding parameters on the electrical resistivity of carbon nanotube filled polymer parts. Compos Sci Technol 2012; 72: 1741–1752.

Huang

et al.

The influence of single-walled carbon nanotube structure on the electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency of its epoxy composites. Carbon 2007; 45: 1614–1621.

Cruz

Son

. Effect of aspect ratio on electrical, rheological and glass transition properties of PC/MWCNT nanocomposites. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2018; 18: 943–950.

Tolokan

Nablo

. EMI shielding via stainless steel fibers. Plast Eng 1985; 41: 31–34.

10.

Alig

Pötschke

Lellinger

et al.

Establishment, morphology and properties of carbon nanotube networks in polymer melts. Polymer 2012; 53: 4–28.

11.

Socher

Krause

Müller

et al.

The influence of matrix viscosity on MWCNT dispersion and electrical properties in different thermoplastic nanocomposites. Polymer 2012; 53: 495–504.

12.

Kasaliwal

Göldel

Pötschke

. Influence of processing conditions in small-scale melt mixing and compression molding on the resistivity and morphology of polycarbonate–MWNT composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2009; 112: 3494–3509.

13.

Villmow

Pegel

Pötschke

et al.

Influence of injection molding parameters on the electrical resistivity of polycarbonate filled with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Compos Sci Technol 2008; 68: 777–789.

14.

Abbasi

Carreau

Derdouri

. Flow induced orientation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in polycarbonate nanocomposites: rheology, conductivity and mechanical properties. Polymer 2010; 51: 922–935.

15.

Kharchenko

Douglas

Obrzut

et al.

Flow-induced properties of nanotube-filled polymer materials. Nat Mat 2004; 3: 564.

16.

Pötschke

Brünig

Janke

et al.

Orientation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in composites with polycarbonate by melt spinning. Polymer 2005; 46: 10355–10363.

17.

Qiu

Wang

Uchiya

et al.

Effects of injection molding conditions on the electrical properties of polycarbonate/carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Polym Compos 2016; 37: 3245–3255.

18.

Castillo

Socher

Krause

et al.

Electrical, mechanical, and glass transition behavior of polycarbonate-based nanocomposites with different multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Polymer 2011; 52: 3835–3845.

19.

NANOCYL™ NC7000 series. www.nanocyl.com.

20.

Ahn

Lee

. Effects of sub T_g annealing on the mechanical properties of polycarbonate/poly (ether ester) copolymer blends. Polym J 2000; 32: 471.

21.

Kim

Son

. Effects of matrix viscosity, mixing method and annealing on the electrical conductivity of injection molded polycarbonate/MWCNT nanocomposites. Polymer 2016; 88: 29–35.

22.

Xiong

Sun

Wang

et al.

Electrical conductivities of carbon nanotube-filled polycarbonate/polyester blends. Sci China Chem 2012; 55: 808–813.

23.

Sun

Lin

et al.

Selective localization behavior of carbon nanotubes: effect on transesterification of immiscible polyester blends. Macromol Chem Phys 2011; 212: 1700–1709.

24.

Pisitsak

Magaraphan

Jana

. Electrically conductive compounds of polycarbonate, liquid crystalline polymer, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes. J Nanomat 2012; 2012: 2.

25.

Guo

Liu

Prada-Silvy

et al.

Aspect ratio effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties of polycarbonate/MWCNT composites. J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 2014; 52: 73–83.

26.

Schartel

Braun

Knoll

et al.

Mechanical, thermal, and fire behavior of bisphenol a polycarbonate/multiwall carbon nanotube nanocomposites. Polym Eng Sci 2008; 48: 149–158.

27.

Montaudo

Puglisi

Samperi

. Mechanism of exchange in PBT/PC and PET/PC blends. Composition of the copolymer formed in the melt mixing process. Macromolecules 1998; 31: 650–661.

28.

Nabar S and Kale D . Rheology and transesterification between polycarbonate and polyesters. J Appl Polym Sci 2007; 104: 2039–2047.