Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

Free-standing nanocomposite films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)/Fe₃O₄ were successfully prepared by mechanically blending magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) solution and casting the mixed solution on polypropylene film substrates. The characterization of nanocomposite films was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The result indicated that the Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were composited together well with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate). It was found that the content of Fe₃O₄ has a significant effect on the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposite film. The maximum electrical conductivity could be up to 218 S/cm, at optical weight ratio (25 wt% Fe₃O₄). Simultaneously, the Seebeck coefficient fluctuated smoothly in a tiny range (13.1–15.8 µV/K), and the power factor was calculated to be 5.26 μW/mK².

Keywords

Poly(3 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)free-standing film nanocomposite thermoelectrics

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Shakouri A and Li S. Thermoelectric power factor for electrically conductive polymers. In: Proceedings of international conference on thermoelectrics, Baltimore, MD, September 1999, p.402.

DiSalvo

. Thermoelectric cooling and power generation. Science 1999; 285: 703–706.

Ohta

. Thermoelectrics based on strontium titanate. Mater Today 2007; 10: 44–49.

Liu

Qian

. High temperature transport and thermoelectric properties of Ag-substituted Ca₃Co₄O₉₊ _δ system. J Alloy Compd 2008; 448: 1–5.

Harman

Walsh

Laforge

. Nanostructured thermoelectric materials. J Electron Mater 2005; 34: 19–22.

Chung

Hogan

Brazis

. CsBi₄Te₆: A high-performance thermoelectric material for low-temperature applications. Science 2000; 287: 1024–1027.

Venkatasubramanian

Siivola

Colpitts

. Thin-film thermoelectric devices with high room-temperature figures of merit. Nature 2001; 413: 597–602.

Snyder

Christensen

Nishibor

. Disordered zinc in Zn₄Sb₃ with phonon-glass and electron-crystal thermoelectric properties. Nat Mater 2004; 3: 458–463.

Androulakis

Hsu

Pcionek

. Nanostructuring and high thermoelectric efficiency in p-Type Ag(Pb_1-ySn_y)_mSbTe_{2 + m}. Adv Mater 2006; 18: 1170–1173.

10.

Ito

Nagira

Furumoto

. Synthesis of Na_xCo₂O₄ thermoelectric oxide with crystallographic anisotropy by chemical solution process. Sci Technol Adv Mater 2004; 5: 125–131.

11.

Service

. Temperature rises for devices that turn heat into electricity. Science 2004; 306: 806–807.

12.

Yao

Chen

Zhang

. Enhanced thermoelectric performance of single-walled carbon nanotubes/polyaniline hybrid nanocomposites. ACS Nano 2010; 4: 2445–2451.

13.

Toshima

. Conductive polymers as a new type of thermoelectric material. Macromol Symp 2002; 186: 81–86.

14.

Hicks

Dresselhaus

. Effect of quantum-well structures on the thermoelectric figure of merit. Phys Rev B 1993; 47: 12727–12731.

15.

Hicks

Dresselhaus

. Thermoelectric figure of merit of a one-dimensional conductor. Phys Rev B 1993; 47: 16631–16634.

16.

Kim

. Thermoelectric behavior of segregated network polymer nanocomposites. Nano Lett 2008; 8: 4428–4432.

17.

Yan

Sada

Toshima

. Thermal transporting properties of electrically conductive polyaniline films as organic thermoelectric materials. J Therm Anal Calorim 2002; 69: 881–887.

18.

Jiang

. Thermoelectric performance of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy- thiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate). Chin Phys Lett 2008; 25: 2202–2205.

19.

Moses

Denenstein

. Experimental determination of the thermal conductivity of a conducting polymer: Pure and heavily doped polyacetylene. Phys Rev B 1884; 30: 2090–2097.

20.

Liu

. Thermoelectric performances of free-standing polythiophene and poly(3-methylthiophene) nanofilms. Chin Phys Lett 2010; 27: 057201–057201.

21.

Shinohara

Hiraishi

Nakanishi

. Study on thermoelectric properties of conductive polymers. Trans Mater Res Soc Jpn 2005; 30: 963–965.

22.

Gao

Uehara

Klug

. Theoretical studies on the thermopower of semiconductors and low-band-gap crystalline polymers. Phys Rev B 2005; 72: 125202–125208.

23.

Wang

. Research progress on a novel conductive polymer─poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). J Phys 2009; 152: 012023–012023.

24.

Kim

Jung

Lee

. Enhancement of electrical conductivity of poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) by a change of solvents. Synth Met 2002; 126: 311–316.

25.

Chang

Jeng

Yang

. The thermoelectric performance of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) thin films. J Electron Mater 2009; 38: 1182–1188.

26.

Gao

Uehara

Klug

. Rational design of high-efficiency thermoelectric materials with low band gap conductive polymers. Comput Mater Sci 2006; 36: 49–53.

27.

Mateeva

Niculescu

Schlenoff

. Correlation of Seebeck coefficient and electric conductivity in polyaniline and polypyrrole. Appl Phys 1998; 83: 3111–3117.

28.

Carotenuto

Her

Matijievic

. Preparation and characterization of nanocomposite thin films for optical devices. Ind Eng Chem Res 1996; 35: 2929–2932.

29.

Lira-Cantú

Gomez-Romero

. Electrochemical and chemical syntheses of the hybrid organic-inorganic electroactive material. Chem Mater 1998; 10: 698–704.

30.

Krishnamoorti

Vaia

Giannelis

. Structure and dynamics of polymer-layered silicate nanocomposites. Chem Mater 1996; 8: 1728–1734.

31.

Lan

Piannavaia

. Clay-reinforced epoxy nanocomposites. Chem Mater 1994; 6: 2216–2219.

32.

Vaia

Ishii

Giannelis

. Synthesis and properties of two-dimensional nanostructures by direct intercalation of polymer melts in layered silicates. Chem Mater 1993; 5: 1694–1696.

33.

Wang

Herron

. Photoconductivity of CdS nanocluster-doped polymers. Chem Phys Lett 1992; 200: 71–75.

34.

Liu

Jiang

Huang

. Thermoelectric performance of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) pellets and films. J Electron Mater 2011; 40: 648–651.

35.

Zhang

Sun

Katz

. Promising thermoelectric properties of commercial PEDOT-PSS materials and their Bi₂Te₃ powder composites. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2010; 2: 3170–3178.

36.

Gangopadhyay

. Conducting polymer nanocomposites: A brief overview. J Chem Mater 2000; 12: 608–622.

37.

Yan

Han

Yang

. Fabrication of carbon nanotube-polyaniline composites via electrostatic adsorption in aqueous colloids. J Phys Chem C 2007; 11: 4125–4131.

38.

Pinter

Fekete

Berkesi

. Characterization of poly(3-octylthiophene)/silver nanocomposites prepared by solution doping. J Phys Chem C 2007; 32: 11872–11878.

39.

Yang

Dai

. Synthesis of novel sunflower-like silica/polypyrrole nanocomposites via self-assembly polymerization. Polymer 2006; 1: 441–447.

40.

Shallcross

D’Ambruoso

Korth

. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-semiconductor nanoparticle composite thin films tethered to indium tin oxide substrates via electropolymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 37: 11310–11311.

41.

Xia

Masaki

Lira-Cantu

. Influence of doped anions on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) as hole conductors for iodine-free solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 4: 1258–1263.

42.

Kumar

Mathiyarasu

. Stabilized gold nanoparticles by reduction using 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene-polystyrenesulfonate in aqueous solutions: Nanocomposite formation, stability, and application in catalysis. Langmuir 2007; 6: 3401–3408.

43.

Choongho

Kyungwho

Liang

. Light-weight flexible carbon nanotube based organic composites with large thermoelectric power factors. ACS Nano 2011; 5: 7885–7892.

44.

Wang

Cai

Yao

. Facile fabrication and thermoelectric properties of PbTe-modified poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanotubes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2011; 3: 1163–1166.

45.

Kim

Hwang

Woo

. Thermoelectric properties of nanocomposite thin films prepared with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) poly(styrenesulfonate) and grapheme. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14: 3530–3536.

46.

Worlock

. Thermal conductivity in sodium chloride crystals containing silver colloids. Phys Rev 1966; 147: 636–643.

47.

Vining

. A model for the high temperature transport properties of heavily doped P-type silicon-germanium alloys. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc 1991; 234: 95–104.

48.

Klemens PG. Theory of phonon drag thermopower. In: 15th international conference on thermoelectrics, Pasadena, CA, USA, IEEE, 1996, p.206.

49.

Katsuyama S. Thermoelectric properties of CoSb/sub 3/ with oxide particles dispersion. In: 18th international conference on thermoelectrics, Baltimore, MD, USA, IEEE, 1999, p.348.

50.

Suzuki H and Mochizuki S. Thermoelectric properties of /spl beta/-FeSi/sub 2/ with oxide-particles doping. In: 18th international conference on thermoelectrics, Baltimore, MD, USA, IEEE, 1999, p.148.

51.

Ito M and Nagai H. Effects of oxide dispersion on thermoelectric properties of β-FeSi₂. In: Proceedings ICT 2001. XX International Conference, Beijing, IEEE, 2001, p.221.

52.

Huang

Chen

. The thermoelectric performance of ZrNiSn/ZrO₂ composites. Solid State Commun 2004; 130: 181–185.

53.

Chang

Chou

Hsieh

. Magnetic and electrical characterizations of half-metallic Fe3O4 nanowires. Adv Mater 2007; 19: 2290–2294.

54.

Yuanbi

Zumin

Jiyang

. Preparation and analysis of Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles used as targeted-drug carriers. Chin J Chem Eng 2008; 16: 451–455.

55.

Zheg

Cheng

Bao

. Synthesis and magnetic properties of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. Mater Res Bull 2006; 41: 525–529.

56.

Gravier

Serrano-Guisan

Reuse

. Thermodynamic description of heat and spin transport in magnetic nanostructures. Phys Rev B 2006; 73: 024419–024419.

57.

Uchida

Takahashi

Harii

. Observation of the spin-Seebeck effect. Nature 2008; 455: 778–781.

58.

Slachter

Bakker

Adam

. Thermally driven spin injection from a ferromagnet into a non-magnetic metal. Nat Phys 2010; 6: 879–882.

59.

Uchida

Xiaso

Adachi

. Spin Seebeck insulator. Nat Mater 2010; 9: 894–897.

60.

Jaworski

Yang

Awschalom

. Observation of the spin-dependent Seebeck effect in a ferromagnetic semiconductor. Nat Mater 2010; 9: 898–903.

61.

Long

Chen

Duvail

. Electrical and magnetic properties of polyaniline/Fe₃O₄ nanostructures. Phys B 2005; 370: 121–130.

62.

Gangopadhyay

. Polypyrrole–ferric oxide conducting nanocomposites: I. Synthesis and characterization. Eur Poly J 1999; 35: 1985–1992.

63.

Ahlberg

Sun

. Thermoelectric properties of thin films of bismuth telluride electrochemically deposited on stainless steel substrates. Electrochim Acta 2011; 56: 4216–4223.

64.

Meng

Liu

Fan

. A promising approach to enhanced thermoelectric properties using carbon nanotube networks. Adv Mater 2010; 22: 535–539.

Preparation of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)/Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposite film and its thermoelectric performance

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References