This article focuses on the contact between layers in forming processes of composite laminate. The link between the degree of intimate contact and the consequent thermal contact resistance between layers is investigated. A hot plate forming process experiment allows to propose a relation and determine the missing parameter for APC2 thermoplastic prepreg composite. Besides the new proposed relation, this work showed that the internal thermal contact resistances in the laminate is significant. Therefore, thermal modeling of forming processes of composite laminate (such as automatic tape placement) should account for this phenomenon.
LeeWISpringerGS. A model of the manufacturing process of thermoplastic matrix composites. J Compos Mater1987; 21(11): 1017–1055.
2.
MantellSSpringerG. Manufacturing process models for thermoplastic composites. J Compos Mater1992; 26(16): 2348–2377.
3.
GroveS. Thermal modelling of tape laying with continuous carbon fibre-reinforced thermoplastic. Composites1988; 19(5): 367–375.
4.
SonmezFHahnH. Analysis of the on-line consolidation process in thermoplastic composite tape placement. J Thermoplastic Compos Mater1997; 10(6): 543–543.
5.
NicodeauC. Modélisation du soudage en continu des composites à matrice thermoplastique. PhD Thesis, Ecole Nationale Superieure d'Arts et Métiers de Paris, 2005. , 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001506.
6.
TierneyJGillespieJW. Modeling of in situ strength development for the thermoplastic composite tow placement process. J Compos Materi2006; 40(16): 1487–1506.
7.
KhanMAMitschangPSchledjewskiR. Identification of some optimal parameters to achieve higher laminate quality through tape placement process. Adv Polym Technol2010; 29(2): 98–111.
8.
AgeorgesCYeLHouM. Advances in fusion bonding techniques for joining thermoplastic matrix composites: a review. Compos Part A: Appl Sci Manuf2001; 32(6): 839–857.
9.
LevyALe CorreSPoitouA. Ultrasonic welding of thermoplastic composites, modeling of the process using time homogenization. Int J Multiscale Comput Eng2011; 9(1): 53–72.
10.
YangFPitchumaniR. A fractal Cantor set based description of interlaminar contact evolution during thermoplastic composites processing. J Materi Sci2001; 36(19): 4661–4671.
Barasinski A, Leygue A, Soccard E, et al. An Improvement in Thermal Modeling of Automated Tape Placement Process. In: International conference on advances in materials and processing technologies (AMPT2010), Paris, France, October 2010, pp.185–190.
13.
Barasinski A, Leygue A, Soccard E, et al. In situ consolidation for thermoplastic tape placement process is not obvious. In: The 14th international ESAFORM conference on material forming: ESAFORM 14 (ed G Menary), Belfast, UK, April 2011, pp.948–953.
14.
BendadaADerdouriALamontagneM. Analysis of thermal contact resistance between polymer and mold in injection molding. Appl Thermal Eng2004; 24(14–15): 2029–2040.
15.
MasseHArquisEDelaunayD. Heat transfer with mechanically driven thermal contact resistance at the polymer/mold interface in injection molding of polymers. Int J Heat Mass Transf2004; 47(8–9): 2015–2027.
16.
ThomasTProbertS. Thermal contact resistance: The directional effect and other problems. Int J Heat Mass Transf1970; 13(5): 789–807.
17.
Sridhar L and Narh KA. Measurement and modeling of thermal contact resistance at a plastic-metal interface. In: ANTEC conference, Toronto, vol. 1, 1997, pp.2273–2277.
18.
Gruber MB, Lockwood IZ, Dolan TL, et al. Thermoplatic in situ placement requires better impregnated tapes and tows. In: SAMPE conference, Baltimore, 2012.
19.
SalgonJRobbe-ValloireFBlouetJ. A mechanical and geometrical approach to thermal contact resistance. Int J Heat Mass Transf1997; 40(5): 1121–1129.
20.
HillR. The elastic behaviour of a crystalline aggregate. Proc Phys Soc Sec A1952; 65(5): 349–354.
21.
KanitTForestSGallietI. Determination of the size of the representative volume element for random composites: statistical and numerical approach. Int J Sol Struct2003; 40(13–14): 3647–3679.
22.
BeranMJ. Statistical continuum theories, New York, London, Sydney: Interscience, 1968.
AgeorgesCYeLMaiY-W. Characteristics of resistance welding of lap shear coupons: Part I: heat transfer. Composites1998; 29A: 899–909.
25.
LevyALe CorreSChevaugeonN. A levelset based approach for the finite element simulation of a forming process involving multiphysics coupling: ultrasonic welding of thermoplastic composites. Eur J Mech - A/Solids2011; 30(4): 501–509.
26.
CarslawHSJaegerJC. Conduction of Heat in Solids, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1959.
27.
ASTM International. ASTM E1461 - 07 Standard test method for thermal diffusivity by the flash method. West Conshohocken, PA. www.astm.org (2001, accessed 1 September 2011).
28.
CowanRD. Pulse method of measuring thermal diffusivity at high temperatures. J Appl Phys1963; 34(4): 926–927.
29.
MailletDHoulbertADidierjeanS. Non-destructive thermal evaluation of delaminations in a laminate: Part I – Identification by measurement of thermal contrast. Compos Sci Technol1993; 47(2): 137–153.
30.
SantulliCGilRLongACliffordMJ. Void content measurements in commingled E-glass/polypropylene composites using image analysis from optical micrographs. Sci Eng Compos Materi2002; 10(2): 77–90.
