The dependence of Young’s modulus on temperature and clay content of polyethylene/clay nanocomposites (PCN) and wood/polymer/clay nanocomposites (WPCN) is investigated. It is found that the moduli of PCN and WPCN vary linearly with temperature within 25 and 80°C. The addition of nanoclay in the presence of a maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) compatibilizer blend results in an increase of the modulus and strength of the composites. The Young’s moduli of the PCN and WPCN decrease linearly with increase in temperature.
Lagaly, G. ( 1999). Introduction: From Clay Mineral-Polymer Interactions to Clay Mineral-Polymer Nanocomposites, Applied Clay Science , 15: 1-9.
2.
Raj, R.G. , Kokta, B.V., Maldas, D. and Daneault, C. (1989). Use of Wood Fibers in Thermoplastics. VII. The Effect of Coupling Agents in Polyethylene-Wood Fiber Composites, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 37: 1089-1103.
3.
Hasegawa, N. , Okamoto, H., Kawasumi , M., Kato, M., Tsukigase, A. and Usuki, A. (2000). Polyolefin-Clay Hybrids bBased on Modified Polyolefins and Organophilic Clay , Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 280/281: 76-79.
4.
Kato, M., Okamoto, H., Hasegawa, N., Tsukigase, A. and Usuki, A. ( 2003). Preparation and Properties of Polyethylene-Clay Hybrids , Polymer Engineering and Science, 43(6): 1312-1316.
5.
Hristov, V.N. and Vasileva, S.T. (2004). Deformation Mechanisms and Mechanical Properties of Modified Polypropylene/Wood Fiber Composites , Polymer Composites, 25(5): 521-526.
6.
Oksman, K. and Clemons, C. ( 1998). Mechanical Properties and Morphology of Impact Modified Polypropylene-Wood Flour Composites, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 67: 1503-1513.
7.
Balasuriya, P.W. , Ye, L. and Mai , Y. (2001). Mechanical Properties of Wood Flake-Polyethylene Composites. Part I: Effects of Processing Methods and Matrix Melt Flow Behavior, Composites: Part A, 32: 619-629.
8.
Yeh, S., Ortiz, D., Al-Mulla, A. and Gupta, R. ( 2005). Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Wood/Layered Silicate/Plastic Composites, In: 8th International Conference on Woodfiber-Plastic Composites, Society of Plastic Engineers , Wisconsin, MI.
9.
Hetzer, M., Zhou, H., Poloso, T. and De Kee, D. ( 2009). Influence of Molecular Weight of Compatibilizer on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polymer/Clay Nanocomposites, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, (in press).
10.
Hasegawa, N. , Okamoto, H., Kato, M., Usuki, A. and Sato, N. ( 2003). Nylon 6/Na-Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Prepared by Compounding Nylon 6 with Na Montmorillonite Slurry , Polymer , 44: 2933-2937.
11.
LeBaron, P. , Wang, Z. and Pinnavaia, T.J. ( 1999). Polymer-layered Silicate Nanocomposites: An Overview , Applied Clay Science, 15: 11-29.
12.
Han, Y. , Wang, Z., Li , X., Fu , J. and Cheng, Z. (2001). Polymer-layered Silicate Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties and Applications, Current Trends in Polymer Science, 6: 1-16.
13.
Zhong, Y., Poloso, T., Hetzer, M. and De Kee, D. ( 2007). Enhancement of Wood/ Polyethylene Composites via Compatibilization and Incorporation of Organoclay Particles, Polymer Engineering and Science, 47(6): 797-803.
14.
Mitchell, B.S. (2004). An Introduction to Materials Engineering and Science: for Chemical and Materials Engineers, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Hoboken, NJ.
15.
Hameed, T. and Hussein, I.A. ( 2006). Melt Miscibility and Mechanical Properties of Metallocene LLDPE Blends with HDPE: Influence of Mw of LLDPE, Polymer Journal, 38(11): 1114-1126.
16.
Hussein, I.A. (2004). Implications of Melt Compatibility/Incompatibility on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Metallocene and Ziegler-Natta Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) Blends with High Density Polyethylene (HDPE): Influence of Composition Distribution and Branch Content of LLDPE, Polymer International, 53(9): 1327-1335.
17.
Hussein, I.A. (2005). Melt Miscibility and Mechanical Properties of Metallocene Linear Low-density Polyethylene Blends with High-density Polyethylene: Influence of Comonomer Type, Polymer International , 54(9): 1330-1336.
18.
Kukaleva, N. , Simon, G.P. and Kosior, E. (2003). Modification of Recycled High-density Polyethylene by Low-density and Linear-low-density Polyethylenes , Polymer Engineering and Science, 43(1): 26-39.
19.
Wu, D., Zhou, C. and Zhang, M. ( 2006). Effect of Clay on Immiscible Morphology of Poly(butylene terephthalate)/Polyethylene Blend Nanocomposites, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 102(4): 3628-3633.
20.
Jiang, H. and Kamdem, D.P. ( 2004). Development of Poly(vinyl chloride)/Wood Composites. A Literature Review, Journal of Vinyl & Additive Technology , 10(2): 59-69.
21.
Maldas, D. and Kokta, B.V. ( 1991). Influence of Maleic Anhydride as a Coupling Agent on the Performance of Wood Fiber-Polystyrene Composites, Polymer Engineering and Science, 31(18): 1351-1357.
22.
Marcovich, N. and Villar, M. (2003). Thermal and Mechanical Characterization of Linear Low-density Polyethylene/Wood Flour Composites , Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 90: 2775-2784.
23.
Rodriquez, C.A., Medina, J.A. and Reinecke, H. (2003). New Thermoplastic Materials Reinforced with Cellulose Based Fibers, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 90: 3466-3472.
24.
Simonsen, J. , Jacobsen, R. and Rowell, R. (1998). Wood-Fiber Reinforcement of Styrene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymers, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 68: 1567-1573.
25.
Takatani, M. , Ohsugi, S., Kitayama, T., Saegusa, M., Kawai, S. and Okamoto, T. ( 2000). Effect of Lignocellulosic Materials on the Properties of Thermoplastic Polymer/Wood Composites, Holzforschung, 54: 197-200.
26.
Jones, R.M. ( 1975). Mechanics of Composite Materials, Scripta Book Company, Washington, D.C.
