This study focuses on developing a global/local three-dimensional (3D) finite element model of a Kevlar KM2® plain woven fabric applicable for examining ballistic impact from a spherical projectile. The impact event is modeled in LS-DYNA® including friction between the individual yarns as well as the projectile and fabric. When compared with the predictive capabilities of a 3D finite element model that includes the detailed undulating representation of the fabric architecture over the entire solution domain, the savings in computational effort afforded by the global/local model become especially attractive. The agreement with fully detailed 3D finite element simulations and ballistic experiments is also demonstrated.
Duan, Y., Keefe, M., Bogetti, T.A. and Cheeseman, B.A. (2005). Modeling the Role of Friction During Ballistic Impact of a High-strength Plain-weave Fabric, Composite Structures , 68: 331-337.
2.
Duan, Y., Keefe, M., Bogetti, T.A. and Cheeseman, B.A. (2005). Modeling Friction Effects on the Ballistic Behavior of a Single-ply High-strength Fabric, International Journal of Imapct Engineering, 31: 996-1012.
3.
Duan, Y., Keefe, M., Bogetti, T.A. and Powers, B. (2006). Finite Element Modeling of Transverse Impact on a Ballistic Fabric, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences , 48: 33-43.
4.
Duan, Y., Keefe, M., Bogetti, T.A., Cheeseman, B.A. and Powers, B. (2006). A Numerical Investigation of the Influence of Friction on Energy Absorption by a High-strength Fabric Subjected to Ballistic Impact, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 32: 1299-1312.
5.
Rao, M.P. , Duan, Y., Keefe , M., Powers, B.M., and Bogetti, T.A. (2008). Modeling the Effects of Yarn Material Properties and Friction on the Ballistic Impact of a Plain-Weave Fabric, Journal of Composite Structures , doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2008.11.012.
6.
Shim, V.P.W. , Tan, V.B.C. and Tay , T.E. (1995). Modelling Deformation and Damage Characteristics of Woven Fabric Under Small Projectile Impact, International Journal of Impact Engineering , 16(4): 585-605.
7.
Lim, C.T. , Shim, V.P.W. and Ng , Y.H. (2003). Finite-element Modeling of the Ballistic Impact of Fabric Armor, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 28: 13-31.
8.
Tan, V.B.C. and Ching, T.W. (2006). Computational Simulation of Fabric Armour Subjected to Ballistic Impacts, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 32: 1737-1751.
9.
Barauskas, R. and Abraitiene, A. (2007). Computational Analysis of Impact of a Bullet Against the Multilayer Fabrics in LS-DYNA, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 34: 1286-1305.
10.
Eric, D. Wetzel.Private communication. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA, 2007.
11.
Taibei, A. and Jiang, Y. (1999). Woven Fabric Composite Model with Material Nonlinearity for Nonlinear Finite Element Simulation, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 36: 2757-2771.
12.
Tabei, A. and Ivanov, I. (2002). Computational Micro-mechanical Model of Flexible Woven Fabric for Finite Element Impact Simulation, International Journal of Numerical Methods in Engineering, 53: 1259-1276.
Cheng, M., Chen, W. and Weerasooriya, T. (2005). Mechanical Properties of Kevlar® KM2 Single Fiber, Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology, 127(April): 197-203.
15.
Tan, V.B.C. and Khoo, K.J.L. (2005). Perforation of Flexible Laminates by Projectiles of Different Geometry, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 31: 793-810.
16.
Yang, H.H. (2000). Aramid Fibers, Compressive Composite Materials , Fiber Reinforcements and General Theory of Composites, Vol. 1, pp. 199-299, Elsevier Science, Oxford, UK.
17.
Morye, S.S. , Hine, P.J., Duckett , R.A., Carr, D.J. and Ward, I.M. (2000). Modelling of the Energy Absorption by Polymer Composites upon Ballistic Impact , Composites Science and Technology, 60: 2631-2642.
18.
Drumheller, D.S. (1998). Introduction to Wave Propagation in Nonlinear Fluids and Solids, pp. 119-128, Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UK.
19.
Nilakantan, G. , Keefe, M.Gillespie Jr, J.W. and Travis Bogetti, A. (2008). Novel Multi-scale Modeling of Woven Fabrics for use in Impact Studies , In: 10th International LS- DYNA Users Conference , Dearborn, MI, USA, June 8-10.
