The bearing strength, in particular the edge distance sensitivity, of several fiber metal laminates of the GLARE family is experimentally evaluated. The behavior of the fiber layer is investigated in detail to obtain a better understanding of its failure mode. Parallel with these experiments, the bearing behavior is studied using a finite element (FE) model. The plasticity in the metal layers, failure of the fiber layers, and friction between pin and laminate, are all implemented in the model. A comparison between experimental and FE results shows a good resemblance in strength and in internal damage pattern for the GLARE laminates. The FE model is used to define the optimal fiber orientation of standard GLARE laminates when loaded in bearing.
Moore, R.L. and Wescoat, C. (1943). Bearing Strength of Some Wrought-Aluminium Alloys, Technical Report NACA TN-901, NACA .
2.
Wescoat, C. and Moore, R.L. (1945). Bearing Strengths of 75S-T Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Extruded Angle, Technical Report NACA TN-974, NACA .
3.
Department of Defence (1998). Military Handbook 5H, Technical Report, Department of Defence, United States of America .
4.
Matthews, F.L. , Roshan, A.A. and Phillips, L.N. (1982). The Bolt Bearing Strength of Glass/Carbon Hybrid Composites , Composites, 13: 225-227 .
5.
Godwin, E.W. and Matthews, F.L. (1980). A Review of the Strength of Joints in Fibre-Reinforced Plastics - Part 1. Mechanically Fastened Joints , Composites, 11: 155-160 .
6.
Camanho, P.P. and Matthews, F.L. (1997). Stress-Analysis and Strength Prediction in FRP Joints: A Review , Composites Part A, 28: 529-547 .
7.
de Jong, Th . (1977). Stresses around Pin-Loaded Holes in Elastically Orthotropic or Isotropic Laminates , Journal of Composite Materials, 11: 313-331 .
8.
Hung, C.L. and Chang, F.K. (1996). Bearing Failure of Bolted Composite Joints. Part II: Model and Verification , Journal of Composite Materials, 30: 1359-1399 .
9.
Perugini, P. , Riccio, A. and Scaramuzzino, F. (2001). Three-Dimensional Progressive Damage Analysis of Composite Joints , In: Topping, B.H.V. (ed.), Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Civil and Structural Engineering Computing, Civil-Comp Press.
10.
Tserpes, K.I. , Papanikos, P. and Kermanidis, Th . (2001). A Three-Dimensional Progressive Damage Model for Bolted Joints in Composite Laminates Subjected to Tensile Loading , Fatigue Fracture Engineering Material Structures, 24: 663-675 .
11.
Chang, F.K. , Scott, R.A. and Springer, G.S. (1982). Strength of Mechanically Fastened Composite Joints , Journal of Composite Materials, 16: 470-494 .
12.
Whitney, J.M. and Nuismer, R.J. (1974). Stress Fracture Criteria for Laminated Composites Containing Stress Concentrations , Journal of Composite Materials, 8: 253-265 .
13.
Slagter, W.J. (1993). Static Strength of Riveted Joints in Fibre Metal Laminates, PhD Thesis, Delft University of Technology.
14.
Wu, H.F. , Wu, L.L. and Slagter, W.J. (1994). An Investigation on the Bearing Test Procedure for Fibre-Reinforced Aluminum Laminates , Journal of Material Science, 29: 4592-4603 .
15.
ASTM (1984). Standard Test Method for Pin-Type Bearing Test of Metallic Materials E238-84, In: Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM .
16.
ASTM (1992). Standard Test Method for Bearing Strength of Plastics, D953-92, In: Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM .
17.
Department of Defence (1984). Military Standard, Fasteners, Test Methods, Test 4, Joint Shear Strength, Technical Report, Department of Defence, United States of America .
18.
Zhang, Z.L. , Hauge, M. , Odegard, J. and Thaulow, C. (1999). Determining Material True Stress-Strain Curve from Tensile Specimens with Rectangular Cross-Section , International Journal of Solids and Structures, 36: 3497-3516 .
19.
Ling, Y. (1996). Uniaxial True Stress-Strain after Necking , AMP Journal of Technology, 5: 37-48 .
20.
Chang, F.K. and Lessard, L.B. (1991). Damage Tolerance of Laminated Composites Containing an Open Hole and Subjected to Compressive Loadings: Part I - Analysis , Journal of Composite Materials, 25: 2-43 .
21.
Schipperen, J.H.A. (2001). An Anisotropic Damage Model for the Description of Transverse Matrix Cracking in a Graphite-Epoxy Laminate , Composite Structures, 53: 295-299 .
22.
Camanho, P.P. , Davila, C.G. and De Moura, M.F. (2003). Numerical Simulation of Mixed-Mode Progressive Delamination in Composite Materials , Journal of Composite Materials, 37: 1415-1438 .
23.
Hashagen, F. (1998). Numerical Analysis of Failure Mechanisms in Fibre Metal Laminates, PhD Thesis, Delft University of Technology.
24.
ABAQUS (2002). A Finite Element System, Version 6.3, User’s Manual.
