Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

Numerical simulations of resin flow in Liquid Composite Molding processes require reliable data for in-plane as well as transverse permeability. The goal of this work is to propose a method for simultaneous determination of the principal values of 3D permeability tensor of fibrous reinforcements. The permeability components are calculated from experimental data, consisting of flow front position with time during radial injection. Experimental results are compared with numerical simulations. The methodology was described in our previous publication (Nedanov, P.B., Advani, S.G., Walsh, S.W. and Ballata, W.O. (1999). Advances in Aerospace in Materials and Structures. AD-Vol. 58, ASME.), in which all experimental data was collected by using SMART weave sensor system. This paper presents an improved non-intrusive version of the method, entirely based on visualization. The accuracy is also enhanced by using least square fit to experimental data. Eliminating the necessity for expensive and often intrusive sensor system turns the laborious and time-consuming method into a practical, fast and convenient method to determine 3D permeability in Liquid Composite Molding.

Keywords

permeability tensor measurement porous media flows fiber preforms VARTM RTM composites processing numerical simulations

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

1. Adams, K.L. and Rebenfeld, L. (1991). Polymer Composites, 12: 179–185.

2. Adams, K.L. and Rebenfeld, L. (1991). Polymer Composites, 12: 186–190.

3. Ahn, K.J. and Seferis, J.C. (1991). Polymer Composites, 12: 146–152.

4. Ahn, S.H. , Lee, W.L. and Springer, G.S. (1995). Journal of Composite Materials, 29: 714–733.

5. Ballata, W.O. (1999). Determination of the transverse permeability of a fiber perform. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Delaware, Newark, DE.

6. Berdichevsky, A.L. and Cai, Z. (1993). Polymer Composites, 14: 132–143.

7. Bruschke, M.V. and Advani, S.G. (1994). International Journal of Numerical Methods in Fluids, 19: 575–603.

8. Bruschke, M.V. and Advani, S.G. (1990). Polymer Composites, 11: 398–405.

9. Cai, Z. (1992). Composites Manufacturing, 3: 251–257.

10.

10. Carter, E.J. , Fell, A.W. , Griffin, P.R. and Summerscales, J. (1996). Composites: Part A, 27A: 255–261.

11.

11. Chan, A.W. and Hwang, S. (1991). Polymer Engineering and Science, 31: 1233–1239.

12.

12. Coleman, H.W. and Steele, Jr. W.G. (1989). Experimentation and Uncertainty Analysis for Engineers. New York, John Wiley & Sons.

13.

13. Dazzle Digital Video Creator & Digital Photo Maker. Software User’s Guide, Dazzle Multimedia, Inc..

14.

14. De Parseval, Y. , Pillai, K.M. and Advani, S.G. (1997). Transport in Porous Media, 27: 243–264.

15.

15. Ferland, P. , Guittard, D. and Trochu, F. (1996). Polymer Composites, 17: 149–159.

16.

16. Fink, B.K. , Walsh, S.M. , DeSchepper, D.C. , Gillespie, J.W. , McCiullough, R.L. , Don, R.C. and Waibel, B.J. (1995). In: Materials Division Proceedings of the 1995 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. San Francisco, CA. Part 2, Vol. 69-2, pp. 999–1015.

17.

17. Gauvin, R. , Trochu, F. , Lemenn, Y. and Diallo, L. (1996). Polymer Composites, 17: 34–42.

18.

18. Gebart, B.R. and Lidstrom, P. (1996). Polymer Composites, 17: 43–51.

19.

19. Luce, T.L. , Advani, S.G. , Howard, J.G. and Parnas, R.S. (1995). Polymer Composites, 16: 446–458.

20.

20. Nedanov, P.B. , Advani, S.G. , Walsh, S.W. and Ballata, W.O. (1999). Advances in Aerospace in Materials and Structures. AD-Vol. 58, ASME.

21.

21. Ozisik, M.N. (1993). Heat Conduction. 2nd edn. NY: Wiley.

22.

22. Parnas, R.S. and Salem, A.J. (1993). Polymer Composites, 14: 383–394.

23.

23. Parnas, R.S. and Phelan, F.R. (1991). SAMPE Quarterly, 22: 53–60.

24.

24. Rudd, C.D. , Long, A.C. , McGeehin, P. and Smith, P. (1996). Polymer Composites, 17: 52–59.

25.

25. Simacek, P. , Sozer, E.M. and Advani, S.G. (1998). User manual for DRAPE 1.1 and LIMS 4.0 Liquid Injection Molding Simulation. Technical Report 98-01, University of Delaware Center for Composite Materials.

26.

26. Steenkamer, D.A. , McKnight, S.H. , Wilkins, D.J. and Karbhari, V.M. (1995). Journal of Materials Science, 30: 3207–3215.

27.

27. Verheus, A.S. and Peeters, J.H.A. (1993). Composites Manufacturing, 4: 33–38.

28.

28. Walsh, S.W. (1993). SMART weave patent: In situ sensor method and device. U.S. Patent No. 5, 210, 499-499.

29.

29. Wang, T.J. , Wu, C.H. and Lee, L.J. (1994). Polymer Composites, 15: 278–288.

30.

30. Wu, C.H. , Wang, T.J. and Lee, L.J. (1994). Polymer Composites, 15: 288–298.

31.

31. Weitzenbock, J.R. , Shenoi, R.A. and Wilson, P.A. (1998). Composites Part A, 29A: 159–169.

32.

32. Weitzenbock, J.R. , Shenoi, R.A. and Wilson, P.A. (1999). Composites Part A, 30: 797–813.

33.

33. Woerdeman, D.L. , Phelan, F.R. and Parnas, R.S. (1995). Polymer Composites, 16: 470–480.

A Method to Determine 3D Permeability of Fibrous Reinforcements

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References