Pakistan

Abstract

Introduction

The year 2017 marked the 70th anniversary of Pakistan’s Independence, reflected in extensive literary and critical production, including 70 books by Oxford University Press, Platinum Series. Tariq Ali commemorated the Russian Revolution’s centenary with Lenin’s biography. In non-fiction there was a strong offering of literary criticism, with books by Claire Chambers, Carlo Coppola, Shadab Zeest Hashmi and Anis Shivani and a literary history of Pakistani English literature by me. Life-writing ranged from the essay collections of Harris Khalique to the memoirs of Lynette Viccaji. The many notable translations included the prison narratives of Akhtar Baloch. Pakistani English fiction continued to grow, with new work by Nadeem Aslam, Mohsin Hamid, Aamer Hussein, Hanif Kureishi, Omar Shahid Hamid and Kamila Shamsie; and debuts by Raza Rabbani, Osama Siddique and many others. It was a productive year for Pakistani English poetry too, with new collections by Syeda Henna Babar Ali, Adrian A. Hussein, Waqas Khwaja and Ejaz Rahim and first poetry volumes by Rizwan Akhtar and Peerzada Salman. In drama, Ayad Akhtar’s topical play received great acclaim.

In the 2017 Karachi Literature Festival (KLF) awards, Yasmin Khan’s The Raj at War won The KLF-Pepsi Prize for non-fiction; Anam Zakaria’s The Footprints of Partition, Farahnaz Ispahani’s Purifying the Land of the Pure and Ali Nobil Ahmad’s Masculinity, Sexuality and Illegal Migration won the KLF-German Peace Award’s first, second and third prizes respectively; Omar Shahid Hamid’s The Spinner’s Tale won both the Getz Pharma Fiction Prize and the Italy Reads Pakistan Award. The 2016 Patras Bokhari Award was won by Ejaz Rahim’s Sacred Thirsts, Ancient Hungers (My Umrah Poems). Among international awards, Mohsin Hamid’s Exit West was shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize, the Brooklyn Public Library Literary Prize, the Kirkuk Prize, the Medici Club Book Club Award, Neustadt Prize and St. Francis College Literary Prize; Kamila Shamsie’s Home Fire was shortlisted for a Costa Award; Faisal Mohyuddin won the 2017 Sexton Prize for Poetry for his first (forthcoming) full length collection The Displaced Children of Displaced Children.

In 2017 Mohyuddin also published a poetry chapbook Riddles of Longing. Journalist Peerzada Salman’s first poetry collection Bemused addresses politics, history and society in spare, rhythmic poems such as “Freedom of the Press”, “Girl from Fallujah”, “Mountbatten I”, “Mountbatten II”, “Meerut” and “Mughal Empire”. In Rizwan Akhtar’s debut Lahore I Am Coming the lyrical 14-part title poem is a love song to Lahore, which links the city, family history and issues of identity and belonging: images of the Badshahi Mosque, the poet’s literary father and tonga rides are woven into a tapestry which includes references to Persian literature, Shakespeare and Marx. Several other poems reveal a similar poetic complexity. Some continue to celebrate Lahore; others contemplate western cities such as Belfast and Edinburgh. Akhtar engages with Shakespeare in “Caliban Stays Back”: he writes of terrorist bombs in London and drone attacks in Waziristan. He indicts a topical incident, “The Burnt Brides of Lahore”, which extends to patriarchal Hindu and Hellenic legends and the Hollywood film “Seven Brides for Seven Brothers”. The collection includes a ghazal and sonnets.

Adrian A Husain’s sophisticated collection Italian Window: Voyages in Time: Sonnets revolves around a childhood trauma: a father’s infidelity and the mother’s suffering; throughout, the father is “he”; and the mother is “you”. Husain skillfully portrays anguish and its reverberations across time as the poet looks back to his “Roman childhood” (5) during his father’s diplomatic posting there. Here, memory and metaphor are heightened by references to classical texts, legends and landscape. The sense of illusion or deception begins with “Trompe d’oeil” and the poet’s first glimpse of a seemingly idyllic Italy. In “Metamorphoses” he reveals: “I found/them under false covers, lights on, shutters down/two heads, then just one, limbs thrashing savagely./I still see with horror, those figures make/love and, spotted, mutate into snakes”(8). The ensuing poems become darker, almost macabre. The child notices the father’s restlessness, his mother’s silence. The transfer to Moscow and passing years seem a prolonged limbo. As he moves into the present and his mother’s death he realises that “the ghosts of Rome” have remained and his contemplation of time conjures up a complexity of emotions.

Waqas Khwaja’s fourth collection Hold Your Breath often experiments with language and structure to expand the horizons of Pakistani English literature and addresses America’s growing political rhetoric against migrants and people of colour. The book is dedicated to African American Eric Garner who died gasping “I can’t breathe” while caught in a policeman’s illegal stranglehold. To Khwaja, Garner’s words are a “potent metaphor for our age” (n. pag.); the title poem employs images of night as a metaphor for this dark era. In “a breath, a word”, a sequence of couplets written in English convey unspoken histories of loss, but on the next page, a buried language emerges: the earlier English verses appear in a loose Urdu translation juxtaposed with Garner’s English words as a refrain: “aek sans hae/ek lafz/aap key saath baatney kay liyay//I can’t breathe/I can’t breathe” (92, italics in the original). Several poems address the possibilities of difference and diversity as unity; “Primer” provides a clever permutation of sacred words across Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism and Buddhism, challenging the politicisation of faith as conflict.

Syeda Henna Babar Ali’s Life’s Triangle is a quiet but moving collection, dedicated to her late husband Syed Faisal Imam. She commemorates their life together and mourns his loss. Poems such as “Life and Time”, “Time 1” and “Time 2” consider time and its surreal uncertainties. “Faisal 1” recalls the poet’s anguish at her husband’s terminal illness; in “Faisal II” he disappears from the known into the unknown world but inhabits her dreams. In “Kaleidoscope” the imagery of moonlight illuminates dreams and memories. Several metaphorical poems such as “What Is Life 1”, “You and Me I” and “You and Me II” are rooted in mystical Sufi images as the collection gradually moves from the poet’s grief to her struggle for survival and her spiritual quest. In Search of Kashmir, by poet and civil servant Ejaz Rahim, celebrates that region’s legendary beauty, its history and legends – Shiv, Mughal Emperors, British colonials and the Dogra rulers are all included, as is the trauma of Partition and the incarceration of the poet’s father in Kashmir – his homeland – and his subsequent migration to Pakistan as well as the region’s continued post-Partition suffering.

In 2017 Pakistani English fiction continued to hold its own but a new edition of the almost forgotten feminist Purdah and Polygamy in a Muslim Household by Iqbalunissa Hussain (1944) – the first full length novel by a Muslim woman in undivided India – was an important contribution, edited and introduced by Jessica Berman with essays by Suvir Kaul, myself and Arif Zaman. There were several critically acclaimed novels by established writers. Hanif Kureishi’s The Nothing revolves around an elderly film director, who believes his young wife is unfaithful, continues with Kureishi’s preoccupation with age, the passage of time, reality and illusion. Nadeem Aslam’s fifth novel The Golden Legend is replete with poetic images and references to history, art and literature, which act as a foil – and a ray of light – to the prejudice and senseless violence confronting his protagonists. In a fictitious Pakistani city, evocatively named “Zamana” (“era”, “age” or “time”), Massud, a gifted architect, is accidentally killed by a trigger-happy American chased by armed motorbike riders. Massud’s grief-stricken widow Nargis is urged, then threatened by a representative of Pakistan’s “deep state” to accept the American’s offer of blood money instead of demanding a trial. Nargis’s refusal places her in danger. Nargis and Massud’s home echoes their dreams of a just multi-faith, multi-cultural society; but Grace, their Christian housekeeper, has been killed by a fanatic and the upright judge who condemned him is murdered. More terrors await Grace’s traumatized daughter Helen and, indeed, the newly-widowed Nargis. Aslam combines the real and surreal to portray the growth of politicized religious extremism in Pakistan, its links to geopolitics and its impact on hapless citizens and in particular, Pakistan’s religious minorities.

Kamila Shamsie’s lyrical, topical and moving Home Fire reconstructs Sophocles’ Antigone in contemporary times to explore issues of citizenship and conflicts of society, family and state. Two British Asian sisters Isma and Aneeka Pasha struggle to cope with their brother Pervaiz’s departure from Britain to join the ISIS media team. Isma, an academic, is outraged, but Aneeka, a lawyer and Pervaiz’s twin, discovers that the disillusioned Pervaiz wants to return to London, his home. He cannot do so, alive or dead, due to the determined stand taken by the new Home Secretary, Karamat Lone, in his attempt to assert “Britishness”. Lone, a successful politician, once a resident of the same neighbourhood as the Pasha’s, has distanced himself and is married to an Irish-American. But his privileged good-looking son, Eamon, falls in love with Aneeka. Shamsie’s narrative is constructed through the perspective of each of these five protagonists across five locations: Amherst, London, Istanbul, Raqqa and Karachi and “blazes with the kind of annihilating devastation that transcends grief” (Katherine Weber Washington Post 7 Aug).

Globalism and migration run through Mohsin Hamid’s Exit West. Hamid blends the real and surreal to create a dystopian world, addressing the burning social and political issues of our times and the individual’s struggle for fulfillment, space, and self against the odds. Written in a spare, tight poetic prose, the novel tells of two young urban professionals, Nadia and Saeed, from a nameless and increasingly conflict-ravaged city (with echoes of Pakistan). Here – and other lands across the globe – there exist secret doors which enable Nadia and Saeed to escape to a new, more prosperous country in the west, only to be confronted by hostility and xenophobia whether they are confined to a refugee camp in Mykonos or discover new doors to London and later, San Francisco. Hamid’s judicious use of familiar locations, landmarks or incidents makes this futuristic world all the more realistic: both Nadia and Saeed encounter near-starvation, anti-migrant riots, hate-filled mobs and much else but they also make new friends and develop new interests and ideas – and grow apart.

Omar Shahid Hamid’s riveting third thriller, The Party Worker conjures up the seamy world of politics, commerce, crime and violence in overcrowded strife-riven Karachi. People of different ethnicities, faiths, sects and factions, vie for control. The United Front, a political party, which controls the city and opposes religious extremists, is led by a ruthless, fearful man. Aptly nicknamed the Don, he has relocated to New York. His mysterious alliance with the CIA emerges when a New York policeman investigates the attempted murder in Central Park of Asad Haider – a skilled assassin and the Don’s erstwhile righthand man. The novel also portrays a rich cast of characters in Karachi, including Ismail, a journalist and blackmailer, Baba Dacait, a fearful gangster, and Byramji, a corrupt businessman engaged in a complex power play.

Pakistani English fiction continues to diversify into different genres with Nadiya AR’s third romantic novel Invisible Ties and Sami Shah’s fantasy novel Boy of Fire and Earth (an expanded version of his first Fire Boy in 2015), which takes half-djinn half-human Wahid from Karachi, the city of humans, to Kaf, the land of djinns. Sami Shah, Kamila Shamsie and Usman Malik are the three Pakistani writers in Mahvesh Murad’s anthology Djinns Fall in Love and Other Stories (co-edited with Jered Shurin), which consists of very fine fantasy fiction from all over the world and is the first compilation in the genre by a Pakistani editor and critic.

2017 saw several first novels including Feast: With a Taste of Amir Khusro by Bisma Tirmizi, The Tea Trolley by Rehana Alam and The Still Point of the Turning World by Sheheryar Sheikh. Sabyn Javeri-Jillani’s thriller Nobody Killed Her looks at the relationship between two very different women: Rani Shah, the assassinated ex-Prime Minister and the woman accused of her murder, Nazeen “Nazo” Khan, her ambitious confidante. Faiqa Mansab’s This House of Clay and Water portrays the difficulties and indignities endured by transgender people in Pakistan, revolving around Bhanggi, a transgender flute player at a Lahore Sufi shrine, and his friendship with Nadia, a scorned wife and the mother of a child with Down’s syndrome. Snuffing out the Moon by Osama Siddique is a debut of great originality, which links the aspirations and conflicts of mankind across centuries. The narrative with its vivid imagery and detail is divided into five parts: “The book of illusions”, “The book of omens”, “The book of ardour”, “The book of loathing”, “The book of dissent”. Each part is built up of five sections which portray different eras on the verge of change: “Mohenjodaro: the Indus Valley Civilization circa 2084 BCE” tells of Prkaa, a young man who fears his city is dying; “Takshashila: Kingdom of Gandhara circa 455 CE” revolves around monks at the Buddhist monastery at Jaulian; “Sabah Punjab: Mughal Empire circa 1620 CE” describes the mis-adventures of a robber and two con-men; “Punjab: Colonial India: circa 1857 CE” alternates between British colonials and pro-rebel Indians; “Lahore: Punjab circa 2009 CE” juxtaposes a widow’s quest for justice in an exploitive society and the childhood iniquities endured by a now-fearful gangster; “Water Conglomerate (South Asian Corridor: Zone 15) Rohtas Fort Encampment circa 2084 CE” creates a futuristic, high-technology world, governed by the planet’s water wars and which denies, through censorship, the existence of a people known as the Regressives.

Invisible People by Raza Rabbani, the well-known politician, is a debut story collection which explores how “society at large deals with the elite, versus the neglected”: “with hard-hitting intensity, Rabbani writes as if seeing through the eyes of those who have fallen through the cracks” (Sumbul, Newsline). Qaisra Shahraz’s story collection The Concubine and Slave Catcher includes the much-praised “A Pair of Jeans” about the cultural dilemmas of a British Asian girl; “The Evil Shadow” revolves around superstitions surrounding childlessness in rural Pakistan. Several stories are set in diverse countries. In “Malay Host” a man posing as the owner of a big Malay house, a tourist attraction, has enslaved its rightful owner, his sister, while “Slave catcher” looks at eighteenth century Massachusetts, Abolitionism, race and gender.

Aamer Hussein’s eighth collection, Love and Its Seasons, has a fable-like quality. “The Lady and the Lotus” describing a Malwa-born housewife’s passion for music in post-independence Karachi becomes an intertextual engagement with Malwa’s legendary writer Rai Bahadur. Music and song are also skillfully used as metaphor in “The Hermitage”, where an emotionally confused monk disapproves of a fellow monk’s loud singing/chanting. “Three Tales from Rumi” reconstructs Sufi parables to tell of human foibles, ambitions and desires while “The Swan’s Wife”, originally written by Hussein in Urdu, reconstructs an Urdu fable. Friendship, memory, love and creativity are central to the collection, including the title story, which revolves around two inseparable friends in London, Fabi (who has defected from Hungary) and the British-born Umair of Pakistani origin. Through their lives, Hussein creates the rich fabric of multicultural London.

2017 saw several significant autobiographies, including A Time of Madness: A Memoir of Partition by journalist Salman Rashid, Of Pearls and Pecks of Straw: Recollections, Essays, After-thoughts by diplomat Iqbal Akhund and The Enemy Within: A Tale of Muslim Britain by politician Sayeeda Warsi. Lynette Viccaji’s Made in Pakistan tells of life as a Pakistani Christian and her upbringing as an Anglo-Indian and Roman Catholic. Her lively and witty portrayal of her carefree childhood recreates a bygone Karachi where trams and horse carriages plied the roads alongside cars and buses. She tells of her education, which included St. Joseph’s Convent and Karachi University. She writes of the interaction between different Christian communities and of the participation of Muslim friends in the musicals and operas performed by the church choral group. She builds in political events which gradually turn Pakistan into a more religiously divisive society. She tells of her marriage to Ardeshir Viccaji, the son of a Catholic mother and Parsee father, her sojourn as the wife of a company executive in a multi-national company posted to Jhelum and Akora Khattak before they relocated to Karachi where she embarked on her rewarding career in education.

The year’s many accomplished translations included a reprint of Azra Abbas’s memoir Kicking up the Dust translated by Samina Rahman, which captures both the magical world of childhood as well as the rebellion of a bright, questioning and intelligent young girl. Prison Narratives by Akhtar Baloch, translated from Sindhi by Asad Palijo, consists of Baloch’s diary (written during her incarceration from 1969-1970) on joining protests against martial law. Baloch, daughter of a political family, was 18 and became Pakistan’s youngest political prisoner. She gives great focus to the lives of fellow women prisoners, all jailed for murder but victims of a brutal patriarchy. Other notable translations include Three Innocents and Ors: Chughtai on Childhood translated by Tahira Naqvi, Pirani and Other Stories by Jamal Abro and The Culture and Civilisation of Pakistan by Kishwar Naheed translated by Amina Azfar. Samina Quraeshi’s Legends of the Indus provides an elegant reconstruction of Pakistani folk tales, with a foreword and poems by Anne Marie Schimmel and essays by Ali Isani and Sadia Shepard.

In drama, the Pulitzer-winning Ayad Akhtar brought out Junk, a topical and incisive play exploring the dubious world of modern finance. Usman Ali’s plays The Breath and The Flute contributed to his growing oeuvre as the only significant Pakistan-resident English-language playwright today.

The many important works of non-fiction included A Cry for Justice: Empirical Insights from Balochistan by Kaiser Bengali, The Pakistan Anti-Hero by Nadeem Farooq Paracha and Cityscapes of Violence in Karachi: Publics and Counterpublics edited by Nichola Khan. Tariq Ali’s The Dilemmas of Lenin: Terrorism, War, Empire, Love, Revolution is a lucid and informative account of Lenin’s life and times. Ali tells of the Russian Revolution, examines the misuse and misinterpretation of Lenin’s ideas and traces the turbulent history of Tsarist Russia and the European labour, which shaped him. Ali illuminates that era with references to major literary works. He writes of the impact of Marx’s writings on Lenin but reveals that the greatest influence on him was a utopian novel What Is to Be Done by N.G. Chernyshevsky. He tells of Lenin’s brother, executed at 19 for anti-Tsarist activities, of Lenin’s own years of imprisonment and exile, the development of his communist vision, internationalism, political writings, the related path to revolution and the difficult decisions entailed. Ali’s narrative encompasses upheavals in Europe, World War I, Lenin’s 1917 triumphant journey to Russia and his years at the helm of the state until his untimely death in 1922.

The columnist and trilingual poet, Harris Khalique’s essay collection Crimson Papers: Reflections on Struggle, Suffering and Creativity in Pakistan is divided into “Blood”, “Sweat”, “Tears” and “Ink” and captures the changing face of Pakistan illuminated by personal anecdotes. He looks at identity and communalism in South Asia, the divisions of 1947 and 1971 and the ongoing Kashmir conflict. He chronicles the struggles and contributions of the generation which was young at Partition, including his father, writer and film maker, Khalique Ibrahim Khalique, who introduced him to the socialist Progressive Writers Association. He then examines the experience of the generation born post-Partition. He explores the shrinking artistic and cultural space today, the rise of religious extremism, urban, sectarian and ethnic violence, the land mafia and lawlessness. He leads up to issues of language and literature, addressing Pakistan’s language divide and stressing the importance of multilingualism.

2017 saw illuminating collections of critical essays. Poet, novelist and critic Anis Shivani’s thought provoking Literary Writing in the 21st Century: Conversations interrogates issues ranging from different literary genres to the impact of the digital age and modern publishing. He includes chapters marked “Symposium” headed by literature-related questions which draw responses from writers, editors and critics. His essays cover contemporary American literature, literary criticism, the Pakistani English novel (specifically Mohsin Hamid’s How to Get Filthy Rich in Rising in Asia) and much else. Rivers of Ink: Selected Essays by Claire Chambers consists of incisive critical writings on literary production in Britain, South Asia, the Middle East and Africa. Chambers discusses the pros and cons of demarcating literature into categories. Her discussion on postcolonial responses to Othello includes Toni Morrison’s play Desdemona and Vishal Bhardwaj’s film Omkara. She focuses on Pakistan in an essay sequence which interprets a specific region or city through fiction such as Bapsi Sidhwa and Mohsin Hamid’s depiction of Lahore; Fahmida Riaz and Bina Shah and others on Sindh; Jamil Ahmed on Balochistan, Kamila Shamsie on Peshawar; she incorporates colonial writing too. In other essays she uses topical events to give context to literary discussions. She addresses human rights by exploring texts by J.M. Coetzee, Manohar Malgonkar, Mohammed Hanif and others. She uses a selection of work by Arab writers and filmmakers to illuminate the Arab Spring. The many other subjects she addresses range from racism and feminism to the influence of Frantz Fanon, Edward Said and Gayatri Spivak on critical studies.

Ghazal Cosmopolitan: The Culture and Craft of the Ghazal by Shadab Zeest Hashmi, a lively, informative collection of talks, lectures and essays, pays homage to the ghazal, “a lyric of pluralism” (viii). This poetic form central to Urdu literature dates back to pre-Islamic Arabia and is used extensively by Hashmi in English. She discusses the pioneering Agha Shahid Ali who wrote and taught English ghazals in the United States. She writes of the cosmopolitanism of Ghalib’s Urdu ghazals and of her childhood fascination for ghazals sung on Pakistani radio. She traces the history of the ghazal and its prevalence in Muslim Spain, which Lorca reclaimed in his “Gacelas”. She draws parallels between the ghazal’s intensity and Lorca’s writings on the power of el duende. She contemplates issues of language, of her own migration from Pakistan and the United States and her use of English as a creative vehicle instead of Urdu as a mother tongue.

The Wind Moves (Essays on Pakistani Literature in English), edited by poet, critic, and essayist M. Athar Tahir, is an important collection of critical articles presented at the first international conference organised by International Centre for Pakistani Writing in English (ICPWE) at Kinnaird College, Lahore, headed by Tahir. The collection includes Cara Cilano’s analysis of mobility and non-Muslim minorities at Partition in Bapsi Sidhwa’s Cracking India, Summer Pervez’s exploration of racial politics and sexual subversion in Hanif Kureishi’s My Beautiful Laundrette, my exploration of Shahid Suhrawardy’s early 20^th-century poetry, Waseem Anwar’s discussions of Tahir’s collection of English haiku The Last Tea, Ilona Yusuf’s comment on new voices in Pakistani English poetry and Qaisra Mahmud’s looks at the plays of Usman Ali.

Hybrid Tapestries: The Development of Pakistani Literature in English, a literary history written by me, begins by tracing the origins of English language writing by Pakistanis from pre-colonial and colonial times then follows it across the 20^th century to the emergence of dazzling new talent in the 21^st. The book include pre-Partition writers who became Pakistanis; it brings together the work of Pakistan-resident writers with that of diaspora writers of Pakistani origin and “contextualises their work with the political and social reality of the times and the places in which they lived and worked” (Sadaf Halai “Hybrid Tapestries: Why Pakistani English Writing Is Thriving”, Herald, June). The book is divided into two. Part 1 has a chapter each on 13 pioneering writers, from Atiya Fyzee to Hanif Kureishi. Part 2 revolves around genres: poetry, the novel, the short story, drama and literary non-fiction in which Dr. Shobhana Bhattacharji has written on Kamila Shamsie (my daughter). The book “connects writers across decades, languages and continents. With such a framing, [M.] Shamsie is able to double back, to fold into her treatment of ‘pioneering’ authors and the others who emerged over the course of Pakistan’s seventy years” (Cara Cilano, “Reviews: Hybrid Tapestries” Bloomsbury Pakistan [online] 8 Dec). Carlo Coppola’s Urdu Poetry 1935-1970: The Progressive Episode looks at the impact on poetry of the hugely influential left-wing Progressive Writers Movement (PWA). He examines the PWA’s pre-1947 development and its engagement with the Independence struggle and internationalist Marxism and the role of Ahmed Ali, Sajjad Zaheer, Krishan Chander and others. Coppola discusses the post-Partition fate of the PWA amid Cold War politics. He devotes individual chapters to leading poets such as Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Asarul Haq Majaz and Ali Sardar Jafri and incorporates English translations of Urdu verses throughout.

Three significant 2016 publications added to important critical studies placing Pakistani English literature in a wider context: Bruce King’s essay collection From New National to World Literatures has a section on Pakistan; Aamir Mufti’s much-praised Forget English! Orientalisms and World Literatures provides a particular focus on English language writing in India and Pakistan, its colonial history and its raison d’etre; Maryam Mirza’s Intimate Class Acts: Friendship and Desire in India and Pakistani Women’s Fiction (2016) provides a rare and unusual analysis at the interaction between privileged South Asians and their maidservants.

In 2017 The Aleph Review dedicated its sumptuous inaugural issue to the pioneering poet Taufiq Rafat (1927-1998), reproducing invaluable, historic writings such as Rafat’s 1969 essay “Towards a Pakistani Idiom”, Khwaja Shahid Hosain’s “On choosing a Language. And Finding Taufiq Rafat” and Kaleem Omar’s “My Friend Taufiq Rafat”. The extensive creative work includes fiction, poetry and critical essays, graphic poetry and interviews. The print and online Papercuts 17: Appetite guest edited by Anita Nair consists of literary work on different forms of consumption, literal and/or metaphorical, including food; Papercuts 18: Dead Medium guest edited by Anil Memon focuses on writings on the supernatural and the mysterious; both issues incorporate critical writings. In the diaspora the much-praised The Chicago Quarterly’s South Asian American Issue guest-edited by Moazzam Sheikh brings together a diversity of writers ranging from S. Afzal Haider, Shabnam Nadya and Mahmud Rahman to Soniah Kamal, Waqas Khwaja and Roshni Rustomji-Kerns.

From all this it can be surmised that Pakistani English literature continues to grow rapidly, with new poetry and fiction adding to the diversity of both genres, but there remain few published dramas. It was also good to see the expansion of critical studies, literary non-fiction and literary journals. The coverage of literature in the Pakistani press included the monthly Herald’s Annual’s special section “Broad Strokes 2016”, with essays by Pakistani fiction writers on famous Pakistani art works. Dawn’s supplement Books and Authors retains its name as an important sub-section of the new Dawn Eos Sunday magazine.

The year saw many losses: historian, biographer and educationalist Hamida Khuhro (b. 1936), columnists Anwer Mooraj (b. 1931) and Amina Jillani (b. 1937), English-language novelist Adam Zameenzad (b. 1937), Urdu-fiction writer Naiyer Masud (b. 1936), Urdu poet, songwriter and children’s writer Akbar Hussein Kamal (b. 1946) and Sindhi writer, historian, activist, translator and teacher Mohammed Ibrahim Joyo (b. 1915). They are deeply mourned.

References

Crimson Papers: Reflections on Struggle, Suffering and Creativity in Pakistan Harris Khalique 136pp Oxford Univ Press (Karachi) Rs995 [essays].

The Culture and Civilisation of Pakistan Kishwar Naheed trans from Urdu by Amina Azfar 177pp Oxford Univ Karachi) Rs325 [see also Translations].

“‘It’s the Human Interest Stories Which Made It for Me’ – Shrabani Basu” Muneeza Shamsie Newsline (Karachi) April pp86-88 [interview of Shrabani Basu on Victoria and Abdul includes her research in Karachi].

“The Forgotten Scholar” Muhammad Habib Sanai Dawn Eos: B&A (Karachi) 23 Jul pp10 [on Dr. Hotchand Moolchang Gulbaxani’s translations of Shah Abdul Latif’s Risalo].

“Goethe’s ‘Mahomets Gesang’” Nomanul Haq Dawn Eos: B&A (Karachi) 10 Dec pp10 [links Iqbal and Goethe’s poetry].

“Language, Identity and Expression” Ayesha Siddiqa The Friday Times (Lahore) 14 Jul [on literature in Pakistan’s many languages].

“The Mystery of Faiz’s Missing Verse” Ali Madeeh Hashmi The News International: Literati (Karachi) 11 June pp30.

Afzal-Khan, Fawzia “Birthing Pain”; ”Pomegranate Sari”; “M/Other”; “Kiss”; “Flaming-Go!”; “Lai li La Ah” Women: Poetry: Migration ed Jane Joritz-Nakagawa Theenk Books (New York) pp89-100.

Akhtar, Rizwan Lahore I Am Coming 220pp Punjab University Press (Lahore) Rs500.

10.

Ali, Syeda Henna Babar Life’s Triangle 148pp Le-Topical (Lahore) Rs700.

11.

Hashmi, Shadab Zeest “Breath in a Box” 3 Quarks Daily 21 Jul www.3quarksdaily.com/3quarksdaily/2017/07/breath-in-a-box-on-the-m2-bus-to-the-east-side-a-man-heaves-as-he-steps-in-with-his-walker-i-have-yet-to-open-the-box-tha.html.

12.

Hashmi, Shadab Zeest “Six Poems” World Literature Today 27 May www.worldliteraturetoday.org/2017/may/six-poems-shadab-zeest-hashmi [six qasidas].

13.

Hashwani, Amin Untouched Octaves: Reflections on Life Love and Society photographs Bobby Sager 176pp self-pub Rs2495.

14.

Husain, Adrian A. Italian Window: Voyages in Time: Sonnets 76pp foreword Shaista Sirajuddin introd Salman Tarik Kureshi Alhambra (Bertem, Belgium) Rs295.

15.

Khwaja, Waqas Hold Your Breath 100pp The Onslaught Press (Oxford) £10.

16.

Mela, Momina “Current Affairs”; “Self Portrait of Being Seen”; “Ablution” Anomaly: 25 http://anmly.org/ap25/poetry/momina-mela.

17.

Mela, Momina “The Head” Brooklyn Poets 23–29 Oct http://www.brooklynpoets.org/poet/momina-mela/.

18.

Mela, Momina “I Wake up in New York to an Explosion in Lahore and Carry on with My Day as If Nothing Happened” Asian American Writers Workshop: The Margins 14 Mar. https://aaww.org/wake-new-york-momina-mela/.

19.

Mela, Momina “Prayer Is Better than Sleep” Poetry Foundation April https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poetrymagazine/poems/92664/prayer-is-better-than-sleep.

20.

Mohyuddin, Faisal The Riddle of Longing Backbone Press (Durham NC) US$9 [chapbook].

21.

Mohyuddin, Faisal “On the Morning of November 9, 2016/I had a pumpkin pie for breakfast”; “To Be a Fisherman or a Father, You Must”; “Remembering Stella and Lily,/ Who Died on the Same Day” 8 Jan The Rumpus www.therumpus.net.

22.

Mohyuddin, Faisal “Poem of the Week: ‘The Opening’” The Missouri Review 18 Dec https://www.missourireview.com/.

23.

Talukder, Adeeba Shahid “When in the Dark / My Mind Brightened” Poets House http://content/adeeba-shahid-talukder-2017-poets-house-emerging-poets-fellow.

24.

Rahim, Ejaz In Search of Kashmir 170pp Dost Publications (Islamabad) Rs400.

25.

Rahim, Ejaz Sacred Thirsts, Ancient Hungers (My Umrah Poems) Dost Publications (Islamabad) Rs350 [2016].

26.

Rahim, Ejaz Bemused 79pp Maktab-e-Danyal (Karachi) [no price].

27.

Rahim, Ejaz “Seventy+Seventy: Poems: Karachi & Lahore-2087” Dawn Eos (Karachi) 13 Aug p3.

28.

Rahim, Ejaz “Turkey-1”; “Turkey-2”; “Kashmir Goes Blind-1”; “Kashmir Goes Blind-2”; “Kashmir Goes Blind-3; The Critical Muslim 21: Relations pp170-172.

29.

Akhtar, Ayad Junk: A Play 176pp Back Bay Books (New York) US$10.19.

30.

Ali, Usman The Breath and The Flute 116pp New Line Publishers (Lahore) Rs250.

31.

Aslam, Nadeem The Golden Legend 364pp Penguin Random House (New Delhi) Rs599.

32.

Alam, Rehana The Tea Trolley 209pp Outskirts Press (Parker, Colorado) Rs895.

33.

A.R., Nadya Invisible Ties 272pp Rupa Publications (New Delhi) Rs495.

34.

Baloch, J.J. Whiter than White: Daughter of the Land of the Pure 200pp Matador (UK) Rs795.

35.

Hamid, Mohsin Exit West 240pp Riverhead Books (New York) Rs796.

36.

Hamid, Omar Shahid The Party Worker 336pp Pan Macmillan (New Delhi) Rs795.

37.

Hussein, Aamer Love and Its Seasons 66pp Mulfran Press (Cardiff) Rs900.

38.

Husain, Iqbalunissa Purdah and Polygamy in an Indian Muslim Household ed and introd Jessica Berman 280pp Oxford Univ Press (Karachi) Rs1295 [includes essays by Suvir Kaul, Muneeza Shamsie, Arif Zaman, original novel pub Hosali Press, Bangalore, 1944].

39.

Kureishi, Hanif The Nothing 176pp Faber & Faber (London) £8.50.

40.

Javeri, Sabyn Nobody Killed Her 432pp HarperCollins (New Delhi) Rs895.

41.

Mahmoud, Imran,You Don’t Know Me 400pp Michael Joseph (London) £12.99.

42.

Mansab, Faiqa This House of Clay and Water 272pp Penguin Random House (New Delhi) Rs995.

43.

Minhas, Shandana “A Pakistani Homecoming” Dawn: Eos (Karachi) 13 Aug pp1-2.

44.

Naveed, Sara Our Story Ends Here 288pp Penguin India (New Delhi) Rs395.

45.

Naveed, Sara Undying Affinity 256pp Penguin India (New Delhi) Rs450.

46.

Rabbani, Mian Raza Invisible People 130pp Sang-e-Meel (Lahore) Rs800.

47.

Shah, Bina “The Girls of Green City” Dawn Eos (Karachi) 13 Aug pp3.

48.

Shah, Sami Boy of Fire and Earth 358pp Picador (India) Rs995.

49.

Shahraz, Qaisra The Concubine and the Slave Catcher: Stories from Around the World 244pp HopeRoad Publishing (London) £9.99.

50.

Shamsie, Kamila Home Fire 272pp Bloomsbury (London) £13.88.

51.

Sheikh, Sheheryar The Still Point of the Turning World 328pp Fourth Estate/HarperCollins India (Noida UP) Rs795.

52.

Sheikh, Sidra F. The Light Blue Jumper 278pp Mongrel Books (Karachi) Rs665.

53.

Shamim, Arif The Ameer Is Dead 367pp Juggernaut Books (New Delhi) £4.99 [e-book].

54.

Siddique, Osama Snuffing out the Moon 599pp Hamish Hamilton (New Delhi) Rs1075.

55.

Tirmizi, Bisma Feast: With a Taste of Amir Khusro 208pp Rupa Publications (New Delhi) Rs595.

56.

Abbas, Azra Kicking up the Dust trans from Urdu by Samina Rahman 142pp Oxford Univ Press (Karachi) Rs595 [memoir+poetry, first pub ASR (Lahore) no date].

57.

Abro, Jamal Pirani and Other Stories trans from Sindhi 124pp Oxford Univ Press (Karachi) Rs795.

58.

Akhtar, Jameel A Singular Voice: Conversations with Quratul Ain Hyder trans from Urdu by Durdana Soomro 236pp Oxford Univ Press (Karachi) Rs1195.

59.

Chughtai, Ismat Three Innocents and Ors: Chughtai on Childhood trans Tahira Naqvi Oxford Univ Press (Karachi) 115pp Rs625 [first pub Women Unlimited (New Delhi)].

60.

Chughtai, Ismat Chughtai, Ismat Quit India and Other Stories trans from Urdu by Tahira Naqvi vi+143 Women Unlimited (New Delhi) Indian Rs300.

61.

Hina, Zahida The House of Loneliness and Other Stories trans from Urdu by Faiz Ahmed Faiz, M.U. Memon, Samina Rahman et al 247pp Ushba Publishing (Karachi) Rs800.

62.

Hussain, Intizar Yesterday Lives On trans from Urdu by Mujahid Eshai 301pp Sang-e-Meel Publications (Lahore) Rs900.

63.

Hyder, Quratul Ain, Chandni Begum trans from Urdu by Salim Kidwai vi+340pp Women Unlimited (New Delhi) IndianRs450.

64.

Qasmi, Ahmed Nadeem Thoughtful Musings: English Translations of a Selection of Ahmed Nadeem Qasmi’s Columns Essays and Short Stories trans from Urdu by Mujahid Eshai 280pp Sang-e-Meel (Lahore) Rs900.

65.

Shah, Waris Heer Waris Shah: Within Reach: Masterworks of Punjabi Sufi Poetry trans from Punjabi by Muzaffar Ghaffar Ferozesons (Lahore) Rs 10,000 [6 volumes].

66.

Zaman, Fakhar You or I? trans from Urdu by Hamid Yousufi 206pp Sang-e-Meel (Lahore) Rs795.

67.

Abbasi, Arif Ali Khan Not a Gentleman’s Game 268pp Ushba (Karachi) Rs1140.

68.

Afzal-Khan, Fawzia “Eye Witness in the Holy Land” Part 1, 9-15 Jun pp16-18; Part 2, Jun16-22 pp28; Part 3, 23-29 Jun pp16-18; Part 4, 30 Jun-6 Jul pp24-25; Part 5, 7-33 Jul pp20-21 The Friday Times (Lahore).

69.

Akhund, Iqbal Of Pearls and Pecks of Straw: Recollections, Essays, After-thoughts 252pp Oxford Univ Press (Karachi) Rs 1295.

70.

Baloch Akhtar Prison Narratives trans from the Sindhi by Asad Palijo 291pp Oxford Univ Press (Karachi) Rs995.

71.

Khan, Rao Farman Ali How Pakistan Got Divided 298pp Oxford UnivPress (Karachi) Rs1150.

72.

Lodi, Rear-Admiral M.A.K. Ocean Rift: Memoirs of Admiral Lodi 208pp Royal Book Company (Karachi).

73.

Rashid, Salman A Time of Madness: A Memoir of Partition 576pp Aleph Book Company (New Delhi) Rs595.

74.

Shamsi, Najma, Jasmine and Journeys: The Life Quest of a South Asian Woman, 442pp Paramount Books (Karachi) Rs695.

75.

Shamsie, Kamila “I Migrant” Dawn Eos (Karachi) 2 Apr pp1-2.

76.

Viccaji, Lynette, Made in Pakistan 212pp Royal Book Company (Karachi) Rs550.

77.

Warsi, Sayeeda. The Enemy Within: A Tale of Muslim Britain 416pp Penguin (London) £20.

78.

A Change in the Light: An Anthology of Contemporary Translations: New Poetry from Glasgow & Lahore eds Ryan Van Winkle, Ali Kamran, Daniel Gorman 128pp Sang-e-Meel (Lahore) Rs600.

79.

Cityscapes of Violence in Karachi: Publics and Counterpublics ed Nichola Khan 274pp Oxford Univ Press (Karachi) Rs1250 [non-fiction].

80.

The Djinn Falls in Love Mahvesh Murad and Jared Shurin eds 384pp Solaris Books (Oxford) Rs1610 [includes Pakistanis Usman Malik, Sami Shah, Kamila Shamsie].

81.

The Greatest Urdu Stories Ever Told selected and trans from Urdu by Muhammed Umar Memon 346pp Aleph (New Delhi) IndianRs 699.

82.

In Search of Butterflies ed Saeed Naqvi and trans et al from Urdu 204pp Oxford Univ Press (Karachi) Rs1050.

83.

Legends of the Indus Samina Quraeshi fwd and poems by Anne Marie Schimmel xxxi+123pp Oxford Univ Press (Karachi) Rs1995 [includes essays by Ali S. Isani and Sadia Shepard and illustrations, first pub Asia Ink, 2005].

84.

The Mongrel Book of Voices: Breakups eds Shandana Minhas and Imran Yusuf 83pp Mongrel Books (Karachi) Rs300.

85.

“The Age of Rage?” Claire Chambers Dawn Eos: B&A (Karachi) 30 Apr pp10.

86.

The Desert of Possibility: Writings on Poetry and Literature Ali Madeeh Hashmi 224pp Sang-e-Meel Publications (Lahore) Rs895.

87.

“Evolution of Female Characters in Pakistani English Fiction” Aqsa Ijaz Herald (Karachi) June.

88.

“Exit, Pursued by a Bear” Claire Chambers Dawm Eos: B&A (Karachi) 13 Aug pp10.

89.

Forget English! Orientalisms and World Literature Aamir R. Mufti 304pp Harvard Univ Press (Cambridge, Mass) US$36 [2016].

90.

From New National to World Literatures: Essays and Reviews Bruce King 660pp Ibidem (Stuttgart) US$72 [2016, includes Pakistani authors].

91.

From Stasis to Mobility: Arab Muslim Feminists and Travel Theory Sayma Aslam 356pp Oxford Univ Press (Karachi) Rs1300.

92.

Ghazal Cosmopolitan: The Culture and Craft of the Ghazal (Durham NC) Shadab Zeest Hashmi 109pp Jacar Press US$17.

93.

Hybrid Tapestries: The Development of Pakistani Literature in English Muneeza Shamsie 676pp Oxford Univ Press (Karachi) Rs2500.

94.

Intimate Class Acts: Friendship and Desire in Indian and Pakistani Women’s Fiction 191pp Maryam Mirza Oxford Univ Press (New Delhi) IndianRs 750 [2016].

95.

Literary Writing in the 21st Century: Conversations Anis Shivani 267pp Texas Review Press (Houstville) US$24.95.

96.

“Pakistani-English Writing” Muneeza Shamsie Oxford Research Encyclopedias Oxford Univ Press (New York)

97.

http://literature.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190201098.001.0001/acrefore-9780190201098-e-69

98.

“The Rawalpindi Camp” Claire Chambers Dawn Eos (Karachi) 26 Feb pp10.

99.

Urdu Poetry 1935-1970: The Progressive Episode Carlo Coppola 684pp Oxford Univ Press (Karachi) Rs1695.

100.

Akhtar, Ayad “Everything That’s Tied down Is Coming Loose” Bill Moyers billmoyers.com 18 Dec https://billmoyers.com/story/everything-thats-tied-coming-loose/ [interview].

101.

Ali, Usman “A Scene in Mandi Bahauddin” Claire Chambers Dawn: Eos: B&A (Karachi) 3 Dec p10.

102.

Aslam, Nadeem “The Power of Contrast” Nusrat Khwaja Newsline (Karachi) April pp109-110; “An Age of Violence” Muneeza Shamsie Dawn Eos: B&A (Karachi) 7 May p9 [reviews of The Golden Legend].

103.

Bilgrami, Shahbano “Home Truths” Ammara Khan Dawn Eos: B&A (Karachi) 15 Jul p10; “Coming to Terms” Muneeza Shamsie Newsline (Karachi) June pp100-101 [reviews of Those Children].

104.

Ghaffar, Muzaffar “Decolonising English Language Poetry” Irfan Aslam Dawn Eos: B&A (Karachi) 12 Mar p11; “A Metaphor of Love” Mariam Aisha Sherazi The News International: Literati (Karachi) 17 Mar p30 [reviews of Moondark].

105.

Ghose, Zulfikar “So You Want to Be Published” Dawn Eos: B&A (Karachi) 17 Sept p10.

106.

Hamid, Mohsin “Framing Travel and Terrorism: Allegory in The Reluctant Fundamentalist” Mandala White Journal of Commonwealth Literature 15 Nov 16pp [online].

107.

Hamid, Mohsin “Mohsin’s New Migrations” Shahid Zahid Dawn Eos: B&A (Karachi) 5 Mar pp11; “An Experiment with Prose” Mahboob Ahmed News International: Literati (Karachi) 26 Mar pp30; “The Mirage of Elsewhere” Ali Bhutto Newsline (Karachi) May pp99-100; “How the West Was Won” Muneeza Shamsie Newsweek Pakistan (Lahore) 22-29 Apr [reviews of Exit West].

108.

Hamid, Omar Shahid “Party Business” Umber Khairi The News International: Encore (Lahore) 29 Jan; “Mean Street” Amna Chaudhury The Friday Times (Lahore) Mar 3; “Trust Betrayal and Revenge” Rizwana Naqvi Dawn Eos: B&A (Karachi) 2 Apr p9; “The Party Worker: A Dark Book That Doesn’t Cross into Cynicism” Shazaf Fatima Haider Herald Apr pp116-117; “The Party Worker” Ali Bhutto Newsline (Karachi) Apr pp107-108 [reviews of The Party Worker].

109.

Hashmi, Shadab Zeest “Baker of Tarifa: A Photo Essay” 30 Jan; “Countries Dreamed of by Poets” 21 May; “Qasida of Water: Al-Andalusia in the Poetry of Darwish and Iqbal” 14 Aug; “Muslim America in Poetry: A conversation with Deem-a Shehabi and Kazim Ali” 6 Nov 3 Quarks Daily www.3quarksdaily.com.

110.

Hashmi, Shadab Zeest “‘That one grief was unspoken when all was said and everything ended’: Identity Narratives and the Passion of the Ghazal” DailyTimes (Lahore) 5 May [on Faiz’s ghazal “On Return from Dhaka”].

111.

Hasin, Sarvat “Little Women of Karachi” Soonha Abro Dawn Eos B&A (Karachi) 2 Apr pp10; “Beyond Facile Comparisons” Mesam Sattar The Friday Times (Lahore) 30 Jun-6 Jul pp13; “All in the Family” Tehmina Ahmed Newsline September pp112 [reviews of This Wide Night].

112.

Hussein, Aamer “Han Suyin: A Friendship” Granta Magazine https://granta.com/han-suyin-a-friendship//.

113.

Hussein, Aamer “Memories of Mai” 16 Apr; “Stories within Stories” 2 Jul; “Moonlit Saga” 27 Aug Dawn Eos B&A (Karachi) p10 [column].

114.

Javeri, Sabyn “Not a Mere Political Thriller” Zofeen T. Ebrahim Dawn Eos: B&A (Karachi) 26 Feb pp10 [interview+review of Nobody Killed her].

115.

Javeri, Sabyn “Politics in Fiction” Yamna Rashid News International: Literati (Karachi) 9 Jul pp30; “Between Truth and Hearsay” Nusrat Khwaja Newsline (Karachi) July pp113-114 [reviews of Nobody Killed Her].

116.

Javeri, Sabyn “The Unmaking of a Woman Writer” The Friday Times Jun 23-29 pp 20-21 [on Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of the Utmost Happiness].

117.

Khalique, Harris “Documenting Sadness” Farah Zia The News International: Literati (Karachi) 9 April pp30; “The World through My Eye” Hasan Zaidi Dawn Eos: B&A (Karachi) 23 Apr pp11 [reviews of Crimson Papers].

118.

Khalique, Harris “Weekly Column: Narrative Arc” Dawn Eos: B&A (Karachi) pp11.

119.

Khwaja, Waqas “Experimenting with Poems” Saeed Ur Rahman, The News International: Literati (Karachi) 23 Apr pp30; Muneeza Shamsie Herald (Karachi) August [reviews of Hold Your Breath].

120.

Khwaja, Waqas “Faiz Made Revolution a Romantic Rendezvous” Herald (Karachi) November.

121.

Khwaja, Waqas “Poetics of Storytelling” Herald (Karachi) January.

122.

Mohsin, Moni “Partition Stories” The Friday Times (Lahore) 11 Aug.

123.

Murad, Mahvesh and Jared Shurin “Made of Smokeless Fire” Nudrat Kamal Dawn Eos: B&A (Karachi) 27 Oct p9 [review of The Djinn Falls in Love].

124.

Nadya A.R. “Descriptive Departures” Erum Sultan Dawn Eos: B&A (Karachi) 10 Dec p10 [review of Invisible Ties].

125.

Phillips, Maha Khan “The Meluhhan Mystery” Nusrat Khwaja Newsline (Karachi) February pp101-102; “Ancient History, Modern Mystery” Adam Abdullah Dawn Eos: B&A (Karachi) 5 Mar pp10 [reviews of The Curse of Mohenjodaro].

126.

Rabbani, Mian Raza “A Caretaker for the Invisible” Saeedur Ur Rahman News International: Literati (Karachi) Feb 12 pp30 [review+interview].

127.

Rabbani, Mian Raza “The People’s Scribe” Newsline Deneb Sumbul (Karachi) February p100 [review of Invisible People].

128.

Rabbani, Mian Raza “‘There was nothing I could do to make a difference’: Raza Rabbani” Mushtaq Bilal Herald (Karachi) March [interview].

129.

Rafat, Taufiq The Aleph Review: Taufiq Rafat: Defining the Pakistani Idiom [see Journals: Special Issues].

130.

Rafat, Taufiq “Pakistaniness in Taufiq Rafat’s Selected Poems” Hazrat Hayat Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research 2(9) [2016].

131.

Shah, Bina “On Writing Women” 22 Jan pp10; “Enlightened Moderation” 26 Mar; “Voices That Are Fading” 20 May; “Imagining Dystopia” 16 June; “Walking in Karachi” 5 Nov Dawn Eos: B&A (Karachi) p10.

132.

Shah, Sami “The Demons within Us” Dawn Eos: B&A (Karachi) Aftab Manha 24 Sept pp10; “Fantastical Journey” Nusrat Khwaja Newsline Sept pp105-106; “The Supernatural Underworld of Karachi” The Friday Times (Lahore) 22 Sept [reviews of Boy of Fire and Earth].

133.

Shamim, Arif “Where Fiction Begins” Farah Zia The News International: Literati (Karachi) 29 Jan pp30 [review of The Ameer Is Dead].

134.

Shamsie, Kamila “Griefs from Our Fathers” Maryam Wasif Khan Dawn Eos: B&A (Karachi) 10 Sept pp9 [review of Home Fire+interview].

135.

Shamsie, Kamila “Home Alone” Umber Khairi The News International: Encore (Karachi) 6 Aug; “Love Under Fire” Nasim Nur Ibrahim The News International: Literati (Karachi) 27 Aug pp30; “A complex but well written narrative of personal stories” Majeed Hassan Daily Times (Karachi) 14 Sept ppB7; “Compelling narrative” Nudrat Kamal Newsline (Karachi) Sept pp106-107 [reviews of Home Fire].

136.

Shamsie, Kamila “Kamila Shamsie” Shobhana Bhattacharji “Part II: A New Generation Writes Politics and Globalism” Hybrid Tapestries by Muneeza Shamsie pp384-395 [see this section, General Studies, Hybrid Tapestries].

137.

Shamsie, Kamila “The Lover’s Tale” Refugee Tales II eds David Herd and Anna Pincus Comma Press (Manchester) pp11-23.

138.

Shamsie, Kamila “The Performance of Identity in Kamila Shamsie’s Burnt Shadows” Daniela Vitolo Transnational Literature 8(2)

139.

https://dspace.flinders.edu.au/xmlui/bitstream/handle/2328/36086/Complete_articles_May_2016.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.

140.

Sheikh, Moazzam “The Hurdles of Translation” The News International: Literati (Karachi) 22 Jan p30 [on translating Naseem Ahmed Bhatti].

141.

Sheikh, Moazzam “A Man of Few Words and Deep Thought” The News International: Literati (Karachi) 20 Aug p30 [on translating Naiyer Masud].

142.

Sheikh, Sidra F. “Hitchhiker’s Guide to Jumps” Manson Murad Dawn Eos: B&A (Karachi) 10 Sept p10; “An Intergalactic Comedy of Errors” Zainab Altaf News International: Literati (Karachi) 1 Oct p10 [reviews of The Light Blue Jumper].

143.

Shivani, Anis “Books That I’ve Been Reading” 21 Jan; “Betraying Miss Brodie” 2 Apr; “Priestess of the Alt-Right 9 Jul”; “What Is ‘World Literature’ Anyway?” 24 Sept p10; “How to Write a Novel” 19 Nov p10 Dawn Eos: B&A (Karachi) [columns].

144.

Shivani, Anis “The Lover and The Beloved” Muneeza Shamsie Dawn Eos: B&A (Karachi) 2 Jul pp10 [review of Whatever Speaks on Behalf of Hashish and Soraya: Sonnets].

145.

Siddique, Osama “Spinning New Stories and Old” Sameera Rashid The News International: Literati (Karachi) 6 Aug pp30; “Emerging from The Eclipse” Bisma Tirmizi 20 Aug p10 Dawn Eos: B&A (Karachi) [reviews of Snuffing out the Moon].

146.

Tanweer, Bilal “Rendezvous Chakiawara” Nusrat Khwaja Newsline (Karachi) May pp101-102; “Chaos in Chakiawara” Aman Chaudhuri The Friday Times 16-22 Jun p13; “Man in the Middle: Interview with Ahmad Islam Amjad” Herald July pp86-92 [reviews of Love in Chakiawara].

147.

Tirmizi, Bisma “In Search of the Ultimate Pulao” Uneza Akhtar Dawn Eos: B&A (Karachi) 10 Dec p10 [review of Feast with a Taste of Amir Khusro].

148.

Abbasi, Reema Ajmer Sharif: Awakening of Sufism in South Asia 174pp Nyogi Books (New Delhi) Rs1250.

149.

Ali, Ghulam China Pakistan Relations: A Historical Analysis 263pp Oxford Univ Press (Karachi) Rs1125.

150.

Ali, Tariq The Dilemmas of Lenin: Terrorism, War, Empire, Love, Revolution 384pp Verso (London) £12.

151.

Bede, John Jehangir The Arabs in Sind: 712-1026 AD 186pp Endowment Fund Trust (Karachi) Rs800.

152.

Bengali, Kaiser A Cry for Justice: Empirical Insights from Balochistan 168pp Oxford Univ Press (Karachi) Rs1075.

153.

Hussain, Ijaz Indus Water Treaty: Political and Legal Dimensions 563pp Oxford Univ Press (Karachi) Rs1600.

154.

Hussain, Syed Alamdar Bannur: Garden of the Zaidi al Wasti trans from Urdu and postscript Syed Zahid Hasnain 229pp Sama Publications (Karachi) Rs1200.

155.

Kamran, Tahir and Ian Talbot Lahore in the Time of the Raj: 283pp Penguin/Viking (India) Rs1195.

156.

Kazimi, M.R. A Revisionist History of Islam: A Critical Study of post-1977 Interpretations 63pp Sama Publications (Karachi) Rs250.

157.

Khan, Farakh A. Murree during the Raj a British Town in the Hills 504pp Sang-e-Meel (Lahore) Rs6000.

158.

Kokab, Rizwan Ullah Separatism in East Pakistan: A Study in Failed Leadership 424pp Oxford Univ Press (Karachi) Rs1795.

159.

Kizilbash, Masood H. Pakistan under Siege 288pp Royal Book Company (Karachi) Rs1295.

160.

Nadiem, Ihsan H. A Brief History of Pakistan from the Earliest Times Sang-e-Meel (Lahore) Rs900.

161.

Mahmood, Ali Muslims 528pp Saphire Books (Islamabad) Rs1995 [historical narrative].

162.

Mahmood, Safdar Pakistan: Muslim League and Inception of Democracy in Pakistan (1947–1954) 242pp Sang-e-Meel (Lahore) Rs700.

163.

Paracha, Nadeem Farooq The Pakistan Anti-Hero 370pp Vanguard Books (Lahore) Rs1475.

164.

Zakaria, Rafia Veil (Object Lessons) 136pp Bloomsbury (New York) US$145.

165.

Zafarullah, Omer A Hundred Journeys: Stories of My Fatherland 221pp Rupa Publications (New Delhi) Rs595.

166.

Missing Slate ed-in-chief Maryam Piracha 262 Street 31, F-10/1, Islamabad, chiefed@themissingslate.com.

167.

Pakistan Perspectives: Bi-annual Research Journal Acting Director and Publisher Dr Jaffer Ahmed, Pakistan Study Centre, University of Karachi, P.O Box 8450 Karachi 725270 subs individual single Rs250, US$30; annual Rs500, US$60; airmail charges (for two issues) US$15; email pscuk@yahoo.com.

168.

Papercuts ed Afia Aslam associate ed Tara’s Ghosal P.O. Box 7815, Karachi 54000editor.papercuts@desiwriterslounge.net. Two print editions annually; Papercuts Vol 17: Appetite (Spring) ed Torsa Ghorsal guest ed Anita Nair; Papercuts Vol 18: Dead Medium (Summer) ed Torsa Ghorsal guest ed Anil Memon. Rs 400; or US$11 per issue.

169.

The Ravi Magazine ed Hafsa Rathore; publisher Government College University, near Nasir Bagh, Katchery Road, Lahore ravi@gcu.edu.pk.

170.

The Aleph Review: Taufiq Rafat: Defining the Pakistani Idiom Vol 1 publisher and ed-in-chief Mehvash Amin; guest ed Ilona Yusuf 207pp Broken Leg Publications (Lahore) Rs1500; thealephreview@gmail.com.

171.

Chicago Quarterly Review: 24 (Winter) South Asian American Issue guest ed Moazzam Sheikh pp438 US$20.

172.

Herald: Annual 2017 “2016 Broad Strokes” January pp120–141; ed Mohammed Badar Alam Pakistan Herald Publications, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Road, Karachi. Yearly subscriptions: Pakistan Rs1400: US, Australia, Caribbean US$80; Africa, Asia, Europe and the Middle East US$70; letters.herald@dawn.pk.

173.

Chicago Quarterly Review www.chicagoquarterlyreview.com.

174.

Dawn Eos: Books and Authors www.dawn.com/magazines/books-authors.

175.

Desi Writers Lounge desiwriterslounge.net.

176.

The Friday Times www.thefridaytimes.com.

177.

Herald www.herald.dawn.com.

178.

The Literary Encyclopedia www.litencyc.com [includes Pakistan-related items].