Pakistan

Abstract

Introduction

As JCL celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2015, Pakistani English literature continued to grow, develop and diversify. The debut fiction of Kanza Javed and Sophia Khan revealed promising new talent; Anis Shivani, known for his short fiction, published an accomplished first novel; there were skilled new books by established novelists such as Omar Shahid Hamid and Sorayya Khan, and an elegant story collection by Aamer Hussein. Poet Athar Tahir extended his oeuvre to include haiku; Usman T. Ali emerged as one of a rare Pakistan-based, English language playwrights; Ali Madeeh Hashmi brought out a very fine translation of Ali Akbar Natiq. The many incisive works of non-fiction included important literary criticism as well as Kamran Asdar Ali’s exploration of communism in Pakistan and Yasmin Khan’s look at India during the Second World War. The year was very productive for life writing ranging from the autobiographies of two public figures, Syed Babar Ali and Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri to Rafia Zakaria’s creative memoir and Zulfikar Ghose’s correspondence with B. S. Johnson.

In Pakistan, Zulfikar Ghose received the Lahore Literature Festival’s Lifetime Award. The Karachi Literature Festival Awards were won by Shandana Minhas’s YA novel Survival Tips for Lunatics (Fiction), M. Naeem Qureshi’s Ottoman Turkey, Ataturk, and Muslim South Asia (Non-fiction), and Ziauddin Sardar’s Mecca jointly with Ali Usman Qasmi’s The Ahmadis and the Politics of Religious Exclusion in Pakistan (Peace Prize). The 2015 UBL Literary Excellence Award for English Non-Fiction was won by The Emergence of Socialist Thought among North Indian Muslims 1917–1947 by Khizar Humayun Ansari. In Britain, A God in Every Stone by Kamila Shamsie was shortlisted for the Bailey’s Women’s Prize for Fiction and The Walter Scott Prize for Historical Fiction. In the United States, Usman T. Malik was nominated for a Nebula Award for Science Fiction twice: once for his e-novella The Pauper Prince and the Eucalyptus Jinn and, in the previous year, for his story “The Vapourisation Enthalpy of a Peculiar Pakistani Family”. The latter also received a Bram Stoker Award. The story, which employs a spectacular imagery, gathering up reality, mythology, mysticism, and quantum physics, is one of several outstanding contributions to the The Apex Book of SF4, an international anthology, edited by Mahvesh Murad, the only Pakistani critic specializing in science fiction.

Aamer Hussein, the critically acclaimed writer of English short fiction, now writes in Urdu fiction too. His nuanced new collection 37 Bridges and Other Stories includes English adaptations of his Urdu work, including the title story, a tale of exile, loss, and suppressed emotions, set in Paris — a city of 37 bridges — and is co-translated with his mother Sabeeha Ahmed Husain. Several stories are revised versions of Hussein’s earlier tales in English including “Nine Postcards, Nine Notes” co-authored with Alev Adil, and a poetic contemplation of history and migration as two Muslim, London-based friends, a man and a woman, journey through Andalusia. Hussein also explores the links between creativity, dreams, and the unconscious in timeless stories such as “The Man from Beni Mora” and “The Tree at The Limit”. Roshni Rustomji’s novella, The Great American Movie Script, is narrated by the America-born Rhoda Sorabji, who belongs to a Parsee family from Mumbai. Her fellow academic and friend, Annie Forster, a Native American, longs to make a film which would move beyond the traditional American narrative and its stereotypes to encompass tales of people from the different cultures and countries that have created America. She urges Rhoda to trace her own history as an American. Her recollections are built up of vignettes, each with a subtitle that refers to a colour and embodies the many hues of America: the smell of jasmine, the taste of dhansak, the colours of a saree all merge into the American experience. The whole is loosely held together by the mysterious disappearance of Rhoda’s younger sister Shireen, who was serving as a doctor in Vietnam and was reported “missing, presumed dead”. The interconnectedness of nations also runs through Sorayya Khan’s third novel, City of Spies, a quiet powerful novel set in 1979, that fateful year which saw the execution of Bhutto, the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, and the Iranian Revolution. Political events are built into the narrative from the unusual perspective of the 11-year-old Aaliya, the daughter of a Dutch mother and a Pakistani father. Aaliya, who has grown up in Europe, then moves with her family to Islamabad. As she struggles with confusions of identity, she finds a good friend in Lizzie, an American girl at her school and daughter of a mysterious US-Aid official. At the heart of the novel is a hit-and-run accident by a car with diplomatic number plates. This in turn provides a fascinating intertextual engagement with, and a different perspective on, the same incident in Khan’s 1995 novella In the Shadow of the Margalla Hills.

Omar Shahid Hamid’s riveting new police thriller The Spinner’s Tale also has links to historical events in Pakistan, but his is a tale of power, violence, and aberration. The novel tells of a battle of wits between Omar Abbasi, an ambitious and dedicated policeman and his high-security prisoner, Sheikh Uzair Ahmed Sufi, the killer of an American woman journalist and countless others. Sheikh Uzair is also charismatic, manipulative, and highly educated. Nazneen Sadiq’s action-packed novel, A Place of Shining Light captures a murky, interconnected world of military men, politicians, and criminals. Adeel, a young, ex-army officer and undercover agent, is sent to Afghanistan on a mysterious assignment. This turns out to be an errand for the superior officer’s friend, Khalid, an art dealer, and his client, Ghalib, a feudal landlord and politician. Adeel is expected to smuggle a stunning, antique Buddha into Pakistan but its serene face has such a powerful effect on him that he disobeys orders. He flees with the sacred treasure to Pakistan’s scenic northern areas, only to be mercilessly hunted down. His life, however, is complicated by a chance meeting with Norbu, a woman who needs his protection.

Anis Shivani’s Karachi Raj is an accomplished and ambitious work. The central character is Karachi itself and its poor, sprawling, fictitious area, Basti, the hub of development, education, and self-help projects initiated by legendary Sheikh Sahib (a character clearly inspired by the late Dr. Abdul Hameed Khan). The storyline focuses mainly on the dreams and aspirations of four main characters: Hafiz who grew up in Basti and works for his prosperous erstwhile classmate; Hafiz’s sister Seema, a bright young scholarship student at the university; Ashiq, her professor; Clare, an American academic working on a thesis on Basti. Through their lives and conflicts, the narrative traverses the city and captures its diversity, its economic disparities and its many communities: Taliban attacks, ethnic strife, religious bigots, free thinkers, socialites, taxi drivers, marriage brokers, barbers, journalists, and political leaders are all built into its rich fabric.

Sophia Khan’s first novel Yasmeen portrays clinical depression with great sensitivity and insight and alternates between the first-person narrative of the 15-year-old Irenie and the third-person account of her parents, James Eccles, an American academic, and Yasmeen, her Pakistani mother. Irenie is haunted by her mother’s disappearance five years ago. Her quest for answers takes her from her New York home to Islamabad. Kanza Javed’s Ashes, Wine and Dust, shortlisted for the 2013 Tibor Jones Award is strong in detail, imagery, and characterization as well as its storyline. The account of her narrator, Mariam Ameen, is supplemented by that of other voices, in the first and third person. Mariam grows up in Lahore, but discovers that the family village where her much loved grandfather lived holds many unspoken secrets. After he dies, she learns that her grandmother has been deeply wounded because of having been in love with another woman. To add to Mariam’s distress, the small house adjoining Dadda’s is desecrated in an act of communal violence: it belongs to Mariam’s new friend, Karan, a Hindu boy and his widowed mother. Mariam’s contemplation of love, death, prejudice, and gender roles, assumes new aspects during Mariam’s stay in America. There she starts university, is exploited by relatives, and thrown into turmoil by the arrival of her brother Abdullah. He has been devastated by the death of his friend, in a bomb attack in Lahore, but is suspected by the American authorities. The story is also a commentary on a global world and the terrors of radicalization and politicized violence. The lives of women are central to two other debuts: Ayesha Tariq’s graphic novel Sarah: The Suppressed Anger of a Pakistani Obedient Daughter portrays the life of drudgery of a girl in a middle-class Pakistani family and Afshan Shafi’s poetry collection Odd Circles, which includes meditations on famous paintings.

The Best of Ejaz Rahim is a selection of Rahim’s poetry by his wife Nazie Jamil, from 19 collections published between 1993 and 2014. Rahim writes extensively on topical issues and his 2105 collection Carnage in December revolves around the Taliban massacre of 135 children at the Army Public School Peshawar in December 2014. This shocking event is the subject of a tight spare poem “Attack” by Athar Tahir in The Last Tea, his finest collection to date and a multi-cultural meditation of life and death. The book begins with contemplations of silence and the process of writing in “Response to Rumi” and “Stone Letter”. Several poems capture Pakistan’s landscapes. “Seventeen ways of looking at the Monsoon” is a 21-verse sequence, written entirely in three-line haiku verse — a poetic form Tahir uses throughout the second and third sections, “Haiku Aviary” and “Japan Journal”. In the former, each poem describes a different bird. The latter conjures up experiences of Japan — hillsides, views and landscapes, a Zen temple, the art of ikebana — while “Sakura” links emotions with the seasons. Some poems also aim for visual effect: in “Osaka 1” the words written in vertical lines create the imagery of a Japanese scroll. While “Sayonara 1” and Sayonara 2” also became a metaphor for the final work, “The Last Tea”, an elegant and powerful narrative poem in haiku. It is written in the voice of Sen no Rikyu (1522 — 2 April 1591), who refined the Japanese ceremony to an art form but fell victim to court intrigues (his erstwhile friend, a feudal lord ordered his death). The poem describes his final tea ritual and his subsequent suicide, culminating with his last thought: “I think of a single bamboo in the forest/ rising to meet the clouds/Tinted by the setting sun” (p179).

Pakistani English-language drama by playwrights living in Pakistan is rare indeed and two plays of Usman Ali (both with blurbs by Edward Bond) provide a metaphorical comment on contemporary Pakistan. The Guilt portrays the creative process and the impediments created by growing violence and extremism. The symbolic, silent performances of a silent woman dancer are interspersed between the conversations of three men: a playwright suffering from writer’s block, an actor with diminishing audiences and a talented and ignored dancer. The play does lapse into melodrama sometimes but Ali’s second play The Last Metaphor is a stronger work which comments on Pakistan’s power structures, state tyranny, and social iniquity: the two central characters, the masked robbers, Banka and Jugnoo, possess a greater sense of humanity than a heartless, unequal society and its brutal law enforcement agencies.

However, the performing arts in Pakistan have a long tradition and Gender, Politics and Performance in South Asia co-edited by Sheema Kermani, Asif Farrukhi and Kamran Asdar Ali is a pioneering and important work which explores in particular the “interconnections between performance and the politics of gender and class in South Asia” (pv). Sheema Kermani’s essay reflects on the 13 years of Tehrik-e-Niswan, a women’s organization dedicated to dance, drama, and activism, which she founded in 1979, to defy the regime of General Ziaul Haq, so inimical to the arts. Other important contributions include Syed Jamil Ahmed’s reflections on the political theatre in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh); Zulfikar Kalhoro’s exploration of music and dance at Sindh’s Sufi monuments and Claire Pamment’s discussion of Pakistan’s Punjabi theatre. Rumana Hussain provides a fascinating historical account of women performers of the past; Kamran Asdar Ali writes on the late poet Sara Shagufta and the politics of culture and class.

The year saw several noteworthy translations by Professor Muhammed Umar Memon: Regret: Two Novellas, co-translated with Faruq Hasan, My Name Is Radha: The Essential Manto, and Naiyer Masud’s Collected Short Stories. Ali Akbar Natiq’s story collection What Will You Give for This Beauty translated by Ali Madeeh Hashmi is a skilled, haunting work which focuses largely on rural life. The book’s title is derived from the opening line of “Qaim Deen”, which begins with a conversation between Qaim Deen and a fellow robber of the sale of a buffalo: “So tell me, what will you give for this beauty?” (p37). The story captures the rhythms of village life. There, Qaim Deen gives donations from his earnings to both the mosque and police and heroically braves floodwaters to save countless fellow villagers from drowning. But there is no one to rescue him as times change and he becomes a police victim and loses his sanity. In “Jeera’s Departure” the local feudal lord offers to reward Jeera, a spellbinding storyteller, by granting him any wish, but Jeera’s request oversteps the mark and leads to his doom. Revenge is central in several stories, including “Despair”, a chilling tale of social hypocrisy which tells of the relationship between Rao Jamil Sahib, a politician, Faizan, a prostitute, and Noora, her pimp. The collection includes “A Mason’s Hand” translated by Muhammed Hanif, which describes a Pakistani mason’s sojourn in Saudi Arabia, where he is inspired by the sacred sites but encounters a series of venal and mendacious people.

Rafia Zakaria combines fiction and non-fiction in her skilled, moving creative memoir The Upstairs Wife: An Intimate History of Pakistan. She reconstructs the painful story of Amina, her paternal aunt. Amina’s husband Sohail takes a second wife — a younger woman; Amina has to live in the flat above hers. Zakaria’s awareness of Amina’s tragic life influences her own decision as an adult. Zakaria also links up family history with that of Pakistan: Partition, the growth and expansion of Karachi, ethnic tensions, religious extremism, the Ayub, Z. A. Bhutto, Zia, Musharraf, Nawaz Sharif, and Benazir Bhutto eras are integral to it. The posthumously published autobiography of Ahmed Ali Khan, In Search of Sense: My Years as a Journalist, provides a wonderful insight into a leading and hugely influential editor. The autobiography of the dynamic entrepreneur, Syed Babar Ali, Learning from Others also tells of the Lahore School of Management Sciences, which he established, and his leading role in wildlife conservation. Khurshid Mahmud Kasuri’s memoir Neither a Hawk nor a Dove, though somewhat overwritten, draws on Kasuri’s extensive experience as an eminent lawyer and politician. He provides many rare and unusual details into public life and policies, across many decades, particularly the negotiations he conducted as Foreign Minister during the Musharraf regime to try and normalize relations with India.

There were also two courageous books about the disadvantaged: Asad Rafi’s Steel Wheels: The Unbreakable Journey describes the author’s struggle with Friedrich’s ataxia; Huma Durrani’s Wrapped in Blue shares her experience as the mother of an autistic child. Kinnaird College Remembered by Mira Phailbus is a lively and illustrated account of that famous girl’s college, spanning the 50 years of Phailbus’s long association, as a student, teacher, and Principal, in turn. Changing India by Iqbalunissa Hussain brings together the writings and memoir essays of a leading, but almost forgotten, pre-Partition feminist, educationalist, and English language novelist. The collection reveals her commitment to Women’s Rights and reform in the context of Islamic modernism in the 1930s and its links to international feminist movements of the day. Her two memoir essays tell of her experience of Europe: she had graduated from Mysore University in 1930 and in 1933, when her eldest son left for university in Britain, she accompanied him and joined the University of Leeds. She describes British university life and British university education. Muslim Women Writers of the Subcontinent by Munazza Yacoob, Aiman Aslam, and Abida Younas is a slim but useful compilation of biographical notes and summaries of texts and is divided into three sections: “Muslim Women’s Poetry 1870–1940”; “Progressive Writers Movement 1932–1947”; and “Muslim Women of the Subcontinent in Literary Journalism 1870–1950”.

The year also saw a number of important biographies, particularly Eqbal Ahmed: Critical Outsider and Witness to a Turbulent Age by Stuart Schaar and Anwar Jalal Shemza by Iftikhar Dadi. H. M. Habibullah’s Journey from the Silk Road and Beyond by Nazli Rafat Jamal Paracha captures the fascinating life of the author’s father, H. M. Habibullah, a prominent Pakistani businessman and one-time Mayor of Karachi. The first half of the book in particular is filled with vivid insights into a bygone age. Born in 1897 in a village on the Punjab/NWFP borders, at 14 he started to accompany his father on his trading trips across Central Asia. This was an era dominated by the British, Russian, and Ottoman empires. He was educated at a madrassah in Bokhara, learnt English privately, spoke Russian and sold mink fur from Central Asia to Moscow. Following the Bolshevik Revolution, he returned to India, but in 1930 he joined the Shanghai branch of the family business and lived there for many years. The book also tells of his sojourn in Kashmir and Amritsar, his migration in 1947 to Pakistan, and his subsequent career.

The B. S. Johnson – Zulfikar Ghose Correspondence edited by Vanessa Guignery consists of the letters Johnson and Ghose exchanged from 1959–1973 and throws invaluable insights into both writers. Their friendship was such that they regularly critiqued each other’s work and shared views on literature. Both were interested in new forms of expression; Johnson had a meteoric early career as an experimental novelist and had a profound influence on Ghose’s early work; the letters also reveal Ghose gradually finding his own voice. Mansour Abbasi’s monograph Zulfikar Ghose: The Lost Son of the Punjab is the first major study of Ghose in recent years and largely follows Ghose’s development as a novelist. Abbasi compares the shortcomings of Ghose’s little-known experimental first novel, The Contradictions, set in British India, with the enduring quality of Ghose’s realist novel The Murder of Aziz Khan, which vividly captures the Punjab and a newly independent Pakistan. Abbasi discusses Ghose’s literary vision and its emphasis on language, imagery, and form. He provides many insights into the relationship between Ghose’s stream-of-consciousness novel Crumps Terms and his metafictional novel Hulme’s Investigations of the Bogart Script. He goes on to explore The Incredible Brazilian trilogy, including its panoramic structure. His analysis of A New History of Torments, Don Bueno, and Figures of Enchantment, which are also set in South America, focuses on imagery. He leads up to a particularly fine reading of The Triple Mirror of Self, commenting on history, memory, narrative, and the illusion of reality. Unfortunately, Abbasi provides no index.

The reprint of Tariq Rahman’s pioneering work History of Pakistani English Literature 1947–1988 gives an invaluable insight into the early development of the genre. David Waterman’s critical work Where Worlds Collide: Pakistani Fiction in the New Millennium is a nuanced analysis of seven Pakistani novelists who emerged in the twenty-first century and examines in detail specific novels by Mohsin Hamid, Kamila Shamsie, Nadeem Aslam, H. M. Naqvi, Mohammed Hanif, and Sorayya Khan. He avoids socio-political groupings, however, such as the “1971 novel” or the “post-9/11 novel”, or the “Muslim novel”. Instead he focuses on broader links between concept, perception, and identity and considers the insights these novels provide into Pakistan and the diaspora. Aroosa Kanwal’s monograph Rethinking Identities in Contemporary Pakistani Fiction: Beyond 9/11 looks at the way representations of 9/11 (of and by, Pakistani Muslims) are renegotiated in Pakistani English fiction, particularly, definitions of home and identity in the light of the western perceptions which link Muslims and Islam today to jihadism and extremism. Her aim is to look beyond the Cold War, the Afghan War, and the Iranian Revolution. Nevertheless, to give a historical context, she comments on the work of an earlier generation such as Sidhwa, Suleri, and Rushdie and discusses specific works by M. Hanif and H. Kureishi as precursors to the post 9/11 novels. She goes on to focus on selected novels by Aslam, Aslam Khan, Feryal Ali-Gauhar, Hamid, Maha Khan Phillips, and Shamsie. Rehana Ahmed’s critical study Writing British Muslims: Religion, Class and Multiculturalism sets out “to intervene in debates surrounding multiculturalism and Islam in Britain” through the exploration of texts by “British writers of South Asian Muslim heritage” to “illuminate the ways in which literature can add to our understanding of multi-cultural Britain” (p6). She includes a chapter each on Rushdie’s Satanic Verses, the work of Kureishi, Monica Ali’s Brick Lane, and Aslam’s Maps for Lost Lovers and looks at memoirs by five British Muslims: Ed Hussain, Sarfraz Manzoor, Yasmin Hai, Zaiba Malik, and Shelina Zahra Jan Mohammed.

Britain Through Muslim Eyes: Literary Representations, 1780–1988, by Claire Chambers, adds a new dimension to literary studies on Muslim writing and looks at fiction, memoirs, and travelogues by Muslim authors (including translations) about Britain. The first section, “Travelling Autobiography”, begins with the writings of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries by travellers such as Sheikh ‘Itesamuddin, Mirza Abu Taleb, and Sake Dean Mohammed. Chambers also discusses the early twentieth-century accounts of Britain by two Indian Muslim women: the emancipated Atiya Fyzee and the cloistered Princess Maimoona Sultan of Bhopal. She leads up to post-Second World War migrant writing. The second section “Travelling Fiction” includes the novels and short stories of the convert, Marmaduke Pickthall, best known for his translation of the Quran. Chambers explores the portrayal of London and of cultural commingling in two famous Urdu novels: A Night in London by Sajjad Zaheer and River of Fire by Quratulain Hyder. She also looks at contemporary English language writings about Britain, ranging from the fiction of Attia Hosain and Ahdaf Souef to Abdulrazak Gurnah.

Tariq Rahman’s pioneering work, A Study of Personal Names, Identity and Power in Pakistan, looks at names as markers of group identity and indicators of lineage, class, and modernity and related religious and historical influences. Surkh Salaam: Politics and Class Activism 1947–1972 by Kamran Asdar Ali is a major contribution to Pakistan’s political history and tells of the Communist Party of Pakistan (CPP) which was set up shortly after Partition and, though it was banned in 1954, continued to wield considerable influence on Pakistan’s political life and its labour movements. Other important non-fiction books include Farahnaz Ispahani’s Purifying the Land of the Pure: Pakistan’s Religious Minorities and Yaqoob Khan Bangash’s A Princely Affair: The Accession and Integration of the Princely States of Pakistan, 1947–1955. Both have many rare insights. Tariq Ali takes a critical look at Europe and the impact of free market capitalism in The Extreme Centre: A Warning.

Yasmin Khan’s The Raj at War provides an incisive account of India’s role in the Second World War and of how that engagement altered socio-economic and political realities and paved the way for Independence. Khan’s book is unusual because it focuses on social history and non-combatants, whose lives were nevertheless profoundly changed by the demands of military commitments. This included the need to develop a new infrastructure of ports, airports, roads, hospitals, and to also manufacture goods ranging from spare parts, chemicals, medicines, and paints to metal alloys and weapons: many of South Asia’s millionaires were created during this time. She writes of the expansion of the Indian army and how the massive recruitment campaign affected families and, indeed, entire regions. She looks at the relationship between Indian and British soldiers, the rise of Subhas Chandra Bose and the INA, the nationalistic rhetoric of Gandhi and the Quit India Movement, and the influx of a new breed of Anglo-American troops stationed in India. She also documents individual stories such as those of the political activist Aruna Asaf Ali and the war hero Premindra Bhagat Singh and she points out that, altogether, there were 89,000 Indian war casualties.

From all this it can be surmised that 2015 was a very productive year for Pakistani English literature. Fiction continued to hold its own; life writing revealed a great diversity and it was good to see individual writers break new ground in poetry and drama. There was also a welcome and much needed growing number of critical studies. In Pakistan, the vibrant online art and literary magazine The Missing Slate brought out a print issue Anthology 2014 and the dynamic website Desi Writers Lounge developed a quarterly print version of Papercuts, its literary journal. Dawn’s literary supplement Book and Authors remains a major platform for reviews and literary essays while The International Centre of Pakistani Writing in English announced three new literary prizes to be inaugurated in 2016.

The year saw several great losses: Sabeen Mahmud (b. 1975), cultural entrepreneur and activist; Ada Jafarey (b. 1926), the distinguished Urdu poet; Abdullah Hussein (b. 1931), a towering figure in Pakistani letters and acclaimed author of Urdu fiction and an English novel; Ishtiaq Ahmed (b. 1941), writer of Urdu detective fiction. They are deeply mourned.

References

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Khan, Sorayya “The Silence and Forgetting That Wrote Noor” Journal of Narrative Politics 1(2) pp121–132 [see Studies on Individual Writers, Khan, Sorayya].

53.

Phailbus, Mira Kinnaird College Remembered 191pp+illustrations Kinnaird College for Women (Lahore) Rs3000 [2013].

54.

Rafi, Asad Steel Wheels: The Unbreakable Journey 90pp FK Squared (Karachi) [story of struggle with disability Friedrich’s ataxia since he was 17].

55.

Rahim, Talat Diary of a Hypocrite: A Rave and Rant on Hypocrisy 144pp Ushba Publishing (Karachi) Rs550.

56.

Shamsie, Kamila “Kamila Shamsie” The Pleasure of Reading, ed Antonia Fraser 329pp Bloomsbury (London) pp282–288 [see Studies on Individual Writers, Shamsie, Kamila].

57.

Zakaria, Rafia The Upstairs Wife: An Intimate History of Pakistan 251pp Beacon Press (Boston, MA) Rs1095.

58.

Apex Book of SF 4 ed Mahvesh Murad 336pp Apex Books (Lexington, NY) US $16.95.

59.

Centre Stage: Gender, Politics and Performance in South Asia eds Sheema Kermani, Asif Farrukhi and Kamran Asdar Ali xii+314pp Women Unlimited (New Delhi) Rs795 [Pakistan edition Gender, Politics and Performance in South Asia 600pp Oxford Univ Press (Karachi); see Criticism: General Studies].

60.

Cultures in Movement eds Martine Raibaud, Miceala Syminton, Ionut Untea and David Waterman 403pp Cambridge Scholars Publishing (Newcastle upon Tyne, UK) £57.99.

61.

The Eye Still Seeks: Pakistani Contemporary Art ed Salima Hashmi 303pp Penguin India (New Delhi) Rs8995 [2014; see Studies on Individual Writers, Shamsie, Kamila; Hamid, Mohsin; Hanif, Mohammed].

62.

“Asia’s Europes: Anti-Colonial Attitudes in the Novels of Ondaatje and Shamsie” Maggie Ann Bowers Journal of Postcolonial Writing 51(2) Special Issue: Imaginary Europe April pp184–195 [see Studies on Individual Writers, Shamsie, Kamila].

63.

“Consciousness-Raising in South Asian Women’s Fiction in English: A Feminist Critique” Pakistan Journal of Women's Studies 22(1) pp1–14.

64.

“Environmental Consciousness in Pakistani Fiction in English” Munazza Yaqoob pp249–262 in Ecocriticism of the Global South: Responsibility eds Swarnalatha Rangarajan, Scott Slovic and Vidya Sarveswaran 282pp Lexington Books (Lanham, MD) US $91.97.

65.

“The Baloch Who Is Missing: Representations of Balochistan in Anglophone Prose Writing” Claire Chambers Crossings 6 (Dhaka) pp18–27.

66.

Britain Through Muslim Eyes: Literary Representations, 1780–1988 Claire Chambers 267pp Palgrave Macmillan (Basingstoke, UK) £55.

67.

Centre Stage: Gender, Politics and Performance in South Asia eds Sheema Kermani, Asif Farrukhi and Kamran Asdar Ali [see Anthologies].

68.

“Changing Perspectives of the Americas in Pakistani English Fiction” Muneeza Shamsie pp8–24 in Cultures in Movement [see Anthologies].

69.

“Disorientation as Loss of East” Claire Chambers Dawn B&A (Karachi) 27 October p3 [on Marmaduke Pickthall as a novelist].

70.

Imagining Muslims in South Asia and the Diaspora: Secularism, Religion, Representations eds Claire Chambers and Caroline Herbert Routledge (Abingdon and New York) [ebook 2014; print 2015].

71.

“Literary Peshawar: Kipling to the Present Day” Claire Chambers Dawn B&A (Karachi) 18 January p3.

72.

History of Pakistani Literature in English 1947–1988 Tariq Rahman 351pp Oxford Univ Press (Karachi) Rs450 [first pub Vanguard (Lahore) 1990].

73.

“Holy Women, Waderas and Weapons of the Weak: Sindh in Contemporary Women’s Writing” Claire Chambers Dawn B&A (Karachi) 16 August p3.

74.

“A Partition Too Deep” Sara Ansari Herald August pp146–151.

75.

Rethinking Identities in Contemporary Pakistani Fiction: Beyond 9/11 Aroosa Kanwal 223pp Palgrave Macmillan (Basingstoke, UK) £55.

76.

Transcultural Memory and Globalised Modernity in Contemporary Indo-English Novels Nadia Butt 212pp de Gruyter GmBH (Boston/Berlin) £67.99 [includes Bapsi Sidhwa, Zulfikar Ghose and Kamila Shamsie].

77.

“Thrillers: How a Neglected Genre Helped Pakistani Fiction Get Its Groove back in 2015” Hamna Zubair Dawn: Images (Karachi) 28 December http://images.dawn.com/news/1174529

78.

“Voices in Verse” Afia Aslam Herald (Karachi) January pp160–162.

79.

Where Worlds Collide: Pakistani Fiction in the New Millennium David Waterman intro Muneeza Shamsie 260pp Oxford Univ Press (Karachi) Rs1195.

80.

“Who’s Saving Whom? Postcolonialism and Feminism” Claire Chambers Dawn B&A (Karachi) 15 March p3.

81.

Muslim Women Writers of the Subcontinent (1870–1950) eds MunazzaYaqoob and Sofia Hussain 143pp Emel Publications (Islamabad) Rs480.

82.

Writing British Muslims: Religion, Class and Multiculturalism Rehana Ahmed 256pp Manchester Univ Press (Manchester) £65.

83.

Ali, Wajahat “Being a Muslim is Exhausting in America’” Shay Lari-Hosain Dawn: Images (Karachi) 12 July pp3 [interview of Wajahat Ali].

84.

Ali Gauhar, Feryal “The Beauty of Silence” Dawn B&A (Karachi) 12 July p7 [review of The Last Tea [see this section, Tahir, Athar].

85.

Aslam Khan, Uzma “The Girl from the Future: Malala Yousufzai” Herald (Karachi) January pp92–93.

86.

Bhutto, Fatima “My Other Thing” Granta New Writing [see Letters and Autobiography].

87.

“Rehashing the Predictable: Review of Democracy by Fatima Bhutto” Hamna Zubair Dawn B&A: (Karachi) 30 March p4.

88.

Bhutto, Fatima “Bhutto Scion: Finding Fatima” Sanam Maher Express Tribune (Karachi) 1 March http://tribune.com.pk/story/845626/bhutto-scion-finding-fatima/ [interview].

89.

Bilgrami, Shahbano “Flight Paths: ‘Je Me Souvients’ – of Journeys and Endings” [see Letters and Autobiography].

90.

Bilgrami, Shahbano “A Season for Martyrs by Bina Shah” Asian Review 6 May http://www.asianreviewofbooks.com/pages/?ID=2249 [see this section, Shah, Bina].

91.

Dharker, Imtiaz “Song of Love and Loss: A Review of Over the Moon by Imtiaz Dharker” Muneeza Shamsie Dawn B&A (Karachi) 22 August p5.

92.

Durrani, Tehmina “Autobiography and Woman Empowerment with Reference to Tehmina Durrani’s My Feudal Lord” Najia Asrar Zaidi and Misbah Bibi Qureshi The Women: Annual Research Journal 4 pp1–18.

93.

Farooqi, Musharraf Ali “A Reality Stranger Than Absurd” Ilona Yusuf The News International:Literati 16 August [review of Rococco and Other Worlds by Afzal Ahmed Syed trans Musharraf Ali Farooqi].

94.

Farooqi, Musharraf Ali “A Life in Poems and Ghazals” Dawn B&A (Karachi) 30 August pp1–2 [interview of Afzal Ahmed Syed about his poetry and translations by Farooqi].

95.

Farooqi, Musharraf Ali “The Female Goblins” 10 January; “The Sindhi ‘Sohni Mahiwal’” 28 February; “The Language of Glances” 18 April; “The Magician’s Spirit” 23 May; “The Perseus of the Maldives” 25 July; “The One-Eyed Yeti” 5 September Live Mint www.livemint.com [essays on folk lore and mythology].

96.

Ghose, Zulfikar The Lost Son of the Punjab Mansoor Abbasi 136pp Cambridge Scholars Publishing (Newcastle upon Tyne, UK) £41.99.

97.

Ghose, Zulfikar The B. S. Johnson – Zulfikar Ghose Correspondence ed. Vanessa Guignery [see Letters and Autobiograpy].

98.

Ghose, Zulfikar “A Conversation between Contemporaries” Muneeza Shamsie Dawn B&A (Karachi) 6 December [review of The B. S. Johnson – Zulfikar Ghose Correspondence].

99.

Ghose, Zulfikar “Poetry: The Cosmic Dance” 2 March; “Nationalism and the Individual Artist” 22 March; “Clarice Lispector and the Delicate Abyss of Disorder” 12 July; “Felisberto Hernández in the Lands of Memory” 9 August; “Ivan Bunin and Language as Music” 5 October; Not Lost in Translation 15 November; Dawn B&A (Karachi) p3 [literary columns].

100.

Hamid, Mohsin “Bookends: Does Fiction Have the Power to Sway Politics?” New York Times: Sunday Book Review 17 February http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/22/books/review/does-fiction-have-the-power-to-sway-politics.html?_r=2 [essay co-written with Francine Prose].

101.

Hamid, Mohsin “A Film about a Conversation about Rashid Rana” The Eye Still Seeks: Pakistani Contemporary Art ed Salima Hashmi pp15–29 [see Anthologies].

102.

Hamid, Mohsin “The Danger of a Singular Story” Momina Aijazzuddin Saeed The Friday Times (Lahore) 6 March [article on Discontent and its Civilizations].

103.

Hamid, Mohsin “Searching for a Home and Identity” Madeline Amelia Clements Dawn B&A: (Karachi) 12 April pp1–2 [review of Discontent and Civilizations].

104.

Hamid, Omar Shahid “The Inside Man” Salman Haqqi Newsline (Karachi) January pp100–101 [article on Omar Shahid Hamid].

105.

Hamid, Omar Shahid “Unmasking a Terrorist” Nadya Chisty Mujahid Dawn B&A (Karachi) 5 July pp1–2; “The City’s Heart of Darkness” Javed Irfan The Friday Times (Lahore) 17–23 July pp22–23; “Criminal Minds” Hasan Ali Newsline (Karachi) August pp107–108; “The Making of a Terrorist” Aamir Ghauri Herald (Karachi) August p152 [reviews of The Spinner’s Tale].

106.

Hanif, Mohammed “‘An All Weather All-Terrain Fighter’: Subaltern Resistance, Survival and Death in Mohammed Hanif’s Our Lady of Alice Bhatti” Maryam Mirza The Journal of Commonwealth Literature 50(2) pp150–163.

107.

Hanif, Mohammed “Standing Tall” Newsline (Karachi) pp99–101 [obituary, see this section, Hussein, Abdullah].

108.

Hanif, Mohammed “His Were the Streets” The Eye Still Seeks: Pakistani Contemporary Art ed Salima Hashmi pp31–43 [chapter on Asim Butt; see Anthologies].

109.

Hashmi, Shadab Zeest “Writing the Ghazal in English” Arif Waqar The News International: Literati (Karachi) 22 March [interview].

110.

Hussein, Aamer “Re-Reading Abdullah Hussein” Dawn B&A (Karachi) 26 July p3; “Abdullah Hussein: Obituary: Novelist Regarded as One of Pakistan’s Most Innovative Writers” The Guardian (London) 20 August http://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/aug/20/abdullah-hussein [obituaries; see this section, Hussein, Abdullah].

111.

Hussein, Aamer “Verbal Images, Musical Texts” 23 February; “Little Jugs and Urdu Tales” 31 May; “The Realist: Rizia Rahman” 25 September; “On Work, Writing and Leisurely Pursuits” 8 November; Dawn B&A (Karachi) p3 [literary columns].

112.

Hussein, Abdullah “Re-Reading Abdullah Hussein” Aamer Hussein Dawn B&A; Abdullah Hussein: Obituary” Aamer Hussein The Guardian [see this section, Hussein, Aamer].

113.

Hussein, Abdullah “Standing Tall” Mohammed Hanif Newsline [see this section Hanif, Mohammed].

114.

Hussein, Abdullah “Notes on Abdullah Hussein: H. M. Naqvi Remembers a Master of Realism” Scroll [see this section, Naqvi, H. M.].

115.

Hussein, Abdullah “The Spark That Lives On: A Tribute to Abdullah Hussein” Mehr Afshan Farooqi Dawn B&A (Karachi) 23 August p3.

116.

Javed, Kanza “Ashes, Wine and Dust: Kanza Javed’s Novel Explores a Love Affair with Lahore” Aanchal Malhotra Dawn B&A (Karachi) 1 December p1.

117.

Javeri, Sabyn “Author of the Month: Sabyn Javeri Jillani” Umamah Wajid The Missing Slate 6 January http://themissingslate.com/2015/01/06/author-of-the-month-sabyn-javeri/ [interview].

118.

Kamal, Soniah “Srinagar’s Daughter” Dawn B&A (Karachi) February pp92–93 [review of Isolated Incident].

119.

Kamal, Soniah “Other Worlds, Troubled Worlds” Fareeha Rafique Dawn B&A: (Karachi) 23 February pp1–2; “Love and Loss” Zahra Chughtai Newsline (Karachi) May pp103–105 [reviews of Isolated Incident + author interviews].

120.

Khalique, Harris “The Writers Block Transcripts: A Q&A with Harris Khalique” Caitlyn Christensen Sampsonia Way 16 October http://www.sampsoniaway.org/interviews/2015/10/16/the-writer%E2%80%99s-block-transcripts-a-qa-with-harris-khalique/

121.

Khan, Sorayya “The Silence and Forgetting That Wrote Noor” Journal of Narrative Politics [see Letters and Autobiography].

122.

Khan, Sorayya “Coming of Age” Ilona Yusuf Newsline (Karachi) February pp116–117; “A Witness to History” Nadya Chisty Mujahid Dawn B&A (Karachi) 6 September pp1–2; “City of Spies” Sonal Shah Biblio Sept–Nov 2015 http://www.sonalshah.in/crash-of-civilisations/ [reviews of A City of Spies].

123.

Khan, Sorayya “Politics Is a Reality That Shapes Us All” Maliha Diwan Dawn 19 August http://www.dawn.com/news/1201013 [interview].

124.

Kureishi, Hanif “The First Person Plural in Hanif Kureishi’s Essays” David Gunning The Journal of Commonwealth Literature 50(2) pp133–149.

125.

Manto, Saadat Hasan “Manto’s Women” The Friday Times Raza Rumi (Lahore) 13–19 February pp16–19.

126.

Muhammad, Khalid “The Men Behind the Curtain” Salman Haqqi Newsline (Karachi) April p104 [review of Agency Rules].

127.

Naqvi, H. M. “‘Zone of Exception’: The Question of Constituency in H. M. Naqvi’s Home Boy” David Waterman Leaves: 1: After Terror pp156–166.

128.

Naqvi, H. M. “Lyari Footballers” Herald (Karachi) January pp8–81.

129.

Naqvi, H. M. “Notes on Abdullah Hussein: H. M. Naqvi Remembers a Master of Realism” Scroll http://www.scroll.in/article/746063/notes-on-abdullah-hussain-hm-naqvi-remembers-a-master-of-urdu-realism 4 August [obituary, see also this section, Hussain, Abdullah].

130.

Saadi, Suhayl “The Rhythms of the City: The Performance of Time and Space in Suhyal Saadi’s Psychoraag” Carla Rodríguez González The Journal of Commonwealth Literature 51(1) pp 92–119.

131.

Shahraz, Qaisra “Real People in My Books – Qaisra Shahraz” Sanam Zeb Dawn B&A (Karachi) 24 April p7 [interview].

132.

Shakir, Manal “Escaping Reality” Faiza Virani Dawn B&A (Karachi) April 19 p6 [review of Magic Within].

133.

Shah, Bina “A Season for Martyrs by Bina Shah” Shahbano Bilgrami Asian Review 6 May [review; see this section, Bilgrami, Shahbano].

134.

Shamsie, Kamila “Kamila Shamsie” The Pleasure of Reading [see Letters and Autobiography].

135.

Shamsie, Kamila “Her Body in Four Parts” The Eye Still Seeks: Pakistani Contemporary Art ed Salima Hashmi pp1–13 [chapter on Naiza Khan, see Anthologies].

136.

Shamsie, Kamila Asia’s Europes: Anti-Colonial Attitudes in the Novels of Ondaatje and Shamsie” Maggie Ann Bowers Journal of Postcolonial Writing 51(2) April pp184–195 [see General Studies].

137.

Shivani, Anis “The Heart of Karachi” Nadya Chisty-Mujahid Dawn B&A (Karachi) 16 August pp1–2; “Home Is Where the Heart Is” Afsheen Ahmed Newsline (Karachi) September pp103–104 [reviews of Karachi Raj].

138.

Shivani, Anis “Anis Shivani’s Karachi Raj” Jaya Bhattarcharji Rose Jaya Bhattcharji Rose: Confessions of an Avid Bibliophile http://www.jayabhattacharjirose.com/anis-shivanis-karachi-raj/ 29 July [blog-comment+interview].

139.

Suleri, Sara “The Symbolism of Food in Meatless Days” Fauzia Janjua pp255–264 in Cultures in Movement eds Martine Raibaud, Miceala Syminton, Ionut Untea and David Waterman [see Anthologies].

140.

Tahir, M. Athar “Poet of Few Words” Sarwat Ali The News International: Literati 17 May; “The Harmony of the Haiku” Mina Malik-Hussain Daily Times (Lahore) 2 June http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/opinion/02-Jun-2015/the-harmony-of-the-haiku; “The Beauty of Silence” Feryal Ali Gauhar Dawn B&A (Karachi) 12 July p7; “The Art of Brevity” Ilona Yusuf Newsline (Karachi) September pp106–107 [reviews of The Last Tea, see this section: Ali Gauhar, Feryal and Yusuf, Ilona].

141.

Tariq, Ayesha “Are You an ‘Obedient’ Pakistani Daughter? This Novel Asks Why” Zahra Salahuddin Dawn B&A (Karachi) 27 August.

142.

Ullah, Haroon “Elusive Enemy” Khursheed Hyder Dawn B&A (Karachi) 16 August p5 [review of The Bargain from the Bazaar].

143.

Yusuf, Ilona “Coming of Age” Newsline [see this section, Khan, Sorayya].

144.

Yusuf, Ilona “The Art of Brevity” Newsline [see this section, Tahir, Athar].

145.

Zafar, Mariam “Arrangements, with Mariam Zafar” Sam O’Hara The Best American Poetry 6 July

146.

http://blog.bestamericanpoetry.com/the_best_american_poetry/2015/07/arrangements-with-mariam-zafar.html [interview].

147.

Zakaria, Rafia “Sociological Web: The Upstairs Wife by Rafia Zakaria” Nadya Chisty-Mujahid Dawn B&A (Karachi) 11 May pp1–2; “Book Review: The Upstairs Wife – Hopes and Betrayals” Nudrat Kamal The Express Tribune: Sunday Magazine (Karachi) 10 May http://tribune.com.pk/story/882492/book-review-the-upstairs-wife-hopes-and-betrayals; “Parallel Tracks” Zohra Yusuf Newsline (Karachi) June pp114–115 [review of The Upstairs Wife by Rafia Zakaria].

148.

Zakaria, Rafia “Of Hearth and History: A Chat with Rafia Zakaria” Madiha Waris Qureshi and Pooja Pande Papercuts 14 June http://desiwriterslounge.net/of-hearth-and-history-a-chat-with-rafia-zakaria/ [interview].

149.

Amir, Javed Thought Never Dies 208pp Imprint Publishing (Islamabad) Rs2200 [2014].

150.

Abbas, Saadia At Freedom’s Limit: Islam and the Postcolonial Predicament 272pp Fordham Univ Press (New York) US$65.

151.

Ahmad, Ali Nobil Masculinity, Sexuality and Illegal Migration: Human Smuggling from Pakistan to Europe 312pp Oxford Univ Press, Rs650 [first pub Ashgate (Farnham, UK) 2011].

152.

Ahmed, Shahab What is Islam: The Importance of Being Islamic 624pp Princeton Univ Press (Princeton, NJ) US $36.42.

153.

Aijazuddin, F. S. The Morning After: Writings and Speeches (2006–2014) 456pp Sang-e-Meel (Lahore) Rs1200.

154.

Ali, Kamran Asdar Communism in Pakistan: Politics and Class Activism 1947–1972 304pp I. B. Tauris (London) US $164 [Pakistan edition: Surkh Salaam: Politics and Class Activism 1947–1972 433pp Oxford Univ Press (Karachi) Rs995].

155.

Ali, Tariq The Extreme Centre: A Warning 200pp Verso (London and New York) £7.99.

156.

Altaf, Samia Waheed So Much Aid So Little Development: Stories from Pakistan 204pp Ilqa Publications (Lahore) Rs295.

157.

Bangash, Yaqoob Khan A Princely Affair: The Accession and Integration of the Princely States of Pakistan, 1947–1955 472pp Oxford Univ Press (Karachi) Rs1593.

158.

Baud, Pierre Alain Nusrat: The Voice of Faith 173pp HarperCollins (New Delhi) Rs1395.

159.

Cheema, Major Aamir Mushtaq An Illustrated History of the Khyber Rifles 1878–2015 Army Education Press (Rawalpindi) Rs5000.

160.

Dadi, Ifthikhar, ed Anwar Jalal Shemza 216pp Riding House (London) £29.95.

161.

Daur, Ghulam Qadir Khan Cheegha: The Call: 392pp WiseHouse Publishers (Ballingslov, Sweden) US $17 [on militancy, the Pushtunwali code, and tribal life].

162.

Faiz, Lt Col Ashraf The Gunners: A Cultural Trail 68pp Paramount Books (Karachi) Rs345.

163.

Ghauri, S. R. Let the People Judge 328pp Royal Book Company (Karachi) Rs995 [selected columns].

164.

Hasan, Arif, ed Karachi: The Land Issue 357pp Oxford Univ Press (Karachi) Rs1595.

165.

Hasan, Tariq Colonialism and the Call to Jihad in British India 232pp Sage (New Delhi) Rs695.

166.

Hussain, Marjorie The Life and Art of Ajmal Hussain: The Painter of the East 250pp Nigaah Magazine (Karachi) Rs1300.

167.

Hussain, Rumana Street Smart: Professionals on the Street ed Mukhtar Zaman 158pp Karachi Conference Foundation (Karachi) Rs2000.

168.

Ispahani, Farahnaz Purifying the Land of the Pure: Pakistan’s Religious Minorities 254pp HarperCollins (New Delhi) Rs499.

169.

Jabbar, Javed Pathways 432pp Paramount Publications Rs995 [essays].

170.

Jan, Faizullah The Muslim Extremist Discourse 180pp Lexington Books (Lanham, MD) US $80.

171.

Khan, Hussain Ahmed Artisans, Sufis, Shrines: Colonial Architecture in Nineteenth Century Punjab 210pp I. B. Tauris (London) £58 [2014].

172.

Khan, Mohammed Ali Read No Evil 193pp Newline (Lahore) Rs350.

173.

Khan, Yasmin The Raj at War: A People’s History of India’s Second World War 416pp Random House (New Delhi) Rs1300.

174.

Long, Roger D., ed A History of Pakistan 500pp Oxford Univ Press (Karachi) Rs2500.

175.

Mir, Nighat and Nafisa Rizvi Imran Mir: What You See Is What You See 328pp The Circuit Ltd (Karachi).

176.

Naqvi, Akbar Sadequain and the Culture of Enlightenment 298pp Oxford Univ Press (Karachi) Rs1750.

177.

Paracha, Nazli Rafat Jamal H. M. Habibullah’s Journey from the Silk Road and Beyond 349pp Millenium Media (Karachi) Rs800.

178.

Rahman, Tariq A Study of Personal Names, Identity and Power in Pakistan 240pp Oxford Univ Press (Karachi) Rs995.

179.

Schaar, Stuart Eqbal Ahmed: Critical Outsider and Witness to a Turbulent Age 240pp Columbia Univ Press (New York) US $35 [Pakistan edition pub by Oxford Univ Press (Karachi)].

180.

Suvorova, Anna Benazir Bhutto: A Multidimensional Portrait 314pp Oxford Univ Press (Karachi).

181.

Wille, Simone Modern Art in Pakistan: History, Tradition, Place 144pp Routledge (New Delhi) Rs1459 [2014].

182.

Yusuf, Moeed Pakistan’s Counterterrorism Challenge 252pp Cambridge Univ Press (Cambridge) Rs1095.

183.

Zakaria, Anam Footprints of Partition: Narratives of Four Generations of Pakistanis and Indians 264pp Harper Collins India (New Delhi) US $15.99.

184.

The Critical Muslim eds Ziauddin Sardar and Robin Yassin-Kassab The Muslim Institute and C. Hurst & Co (Publishers) Ltd, 41 Great Russell Street, London WC1B 3PL Subs UK£50, Europe £65; Rest of the World £75.

185.

Pakistan Perspectives: Bi-annual Research Journal Acting Director and Publisher, Dr. Jaffer Ahmed, Pakistan Study Centre, University of Karachi, P.O. Box 8450 Karachi 725270 subs individual single Rs250, US$30; Special Issue Rs300, US$40; annual Rs500; US$60; airmail charges (for two issues) US$15; email pscuk@yahoo.com.

186.

Papercuts ed Afia Aslam P.O. Box 7815, Karachi 54000 editor.papercuts@desiwriterslounge.net. Two print editions annually; US$10 per issue; website: desiwriterslounge.net/papercuts/

187.

The Missing Slate: Anthology 2014 ed-in-chief Maryam Piracha Low Key Slate Publications, 262 Street 31, F-10/1, Islamabad chiefed@themissingslate.com Rs500 [special print issue].

188.

Dawn Books & Authors www.dawn.com/magazine/books-authors

189.

Internet Archive www.archive.org [includes Pakistan-related items] [includes Pakistan-related items].

190.

The Literary Encyclopedia http://www.litencyc.com [includes Pakistan-related entries].

191.

The Missing Slate: Art and Literary Journal www.themissingslate.com [online journal of art and literature].

192.

Papercuts www.desiwriterslounge.net/papercuts/

193.

Three Quarks Daily www.3quarksdaily.com [includes creative work and literary essays].